{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:57:11Z","timestamp":1789721831456,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP17K09721, JP19K10098, JP20K10225 and 21K08242."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP17K09721, JP19K10098, JP20K10225 and 21K08242."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A relationship between IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and bacterial infection has been suspected. As IgAN is a chronic disease, bacteria that could cause chronic infection in oral areas might be pathogenetic bacteria candidates. Oral bacterial species related to dental caries and periodontitis should be candidates because these bacteria are well known to be pathogenic in chronic dental disease. Recently, several reports have indicated that collagen-binding protein (cnm)-(+) Streptococcs mutans is relate to the incidence of IgAN and the progression of IgAN. Among periodontal bacteria, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Campylobacte rectus were found to be related to the incidence of IgAN. These bacteria can cause IgAN-like histological findings in animal models. While the connection between oral bacterial infection, such as infection with S. mutans and periodontal bacteria, and the incidence of IgAN remains unclear, these bacterial infections might cause aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 in nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, which has been reported to cause IgA deposition in mesangial areas in glomeruli, probably through the alteration of microRNAs related to the expression of glycosylation enzymes. The roles of other factors related to the incidence and progression of IgA, such as genes and cigarette smoking, can also be explained from the perspective of the relationship between these factors and oral bacteria. This review summarizes the relationship between IgAN and oral bacteria, such as cnm-(+) S. mutans and periodontal bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T17:42:25Z","timestamp":1641836545000},"page":"725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Title IgA Nephropathy and Oral Bacterial Species Related to Dental Caries and Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Nagasawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0476-2550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taro","family":"Misaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu 430-8558, Shizuoka, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Seirei Christopher University, Hamamatsu 433-8558, Shizuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seigo","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Self-Defense Gifu Hospital, Kakamigahara 502-0817, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Naka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaoruko","family":"Wato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiyo","family":"Matsumoto-Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2209-2685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1206793","article-title":"IgA Nephropathy","volume":"368","author":"Wyatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. 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