{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:07:27Z","timestamp":1791994047962,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund and the Polish Government (Operational Program - Inno-vative Economy) under the grant \u201cWROVASC - Integrated Cardiovascular Centre 2007-2013&quot;","award":["POIG 1.1-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIG 1.1-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite advances in the management of iron deficiency in heart failure (HF), the mechanisms underlying the effects of treatment remain to be established. Iron distribution and metabolism in HF pathogenesis need to be clarified. We used a porcine tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy model to find out how HF development influences hepatic and myocardial iron storing, focusing on ferritin, the main iron storage protein. We found that cumulative liver congestion (due to the decrease of heart function) overwhelms its capacity to recycle iron from erythrocytes. As a consequence, iron is trapped in the liver as poorly mobilized hemosiderin. What is more, the ferritin-bound Fe3+ (reflecting bioavailable iron stores), and assembled ferritin (reflecting ability to store iron) are decreased in HF progression in the liver. We demonstrate that while HF pigs show iron deficiency indices, erythropoiesis is enhanced. Renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system activation and hepatic hepcidin suppression might indicate stress erythropoiesisinduced in HF. Furthermore, assembled ferritin increases but ferritin-bound Fe3+ is reduced in myocardium, indicating that a failing heart increases the iron storage reserve but iron deficiency leads to a drop in myocardial iron stores. Together, HF in pigs leads to down-regulated iron bioavailability and reduced hepatic iron storage making iron unavailable for systemic\/cardiac needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T08:09:20Z","timestamp":1642493360000},"page":"1026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Hemosiderin Accumulation in Liver Decreases Iron Availability in Tachycardia-Induced Porcine Congestive Heart Failure Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Monika","family":"Kasztura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4721-6891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana","family":"Kiczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2298-9713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urszula","family":"Pas\u0142awska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Bania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7888-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Janiszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Internal Disease and Veterinary Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicja","family":"Tomaszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9947-4980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Zacharski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7899-3936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Noszczyk-Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Pas\u0142awski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Tabi\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0682-4743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Kuropka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8292-1385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Dzi\u0119giel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Ponikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.01.017","article-title":"Iron Deficiency in Chronic Heart Failure: An International Pooled Analysis","volume":"165","author":"Klip","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. 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