{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T08:18:03Z","timestamp":1781770683923,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress, defined as the excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) relative to antioxidant defense, plays a significant role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has emerged as an important source of ROS and its modulation could be cardioprotective. Previously, we demonstrated that miR-16-5p is enriched in the plasma of ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (ICM) patients and promotes ER stress-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes in vitro. Here, we hypothesize that miR-16-5p might contribute to oxidative stress through ER stress induction and that targeting miR-16-5p may exert a cardioprotective role in ER stress-mediated cardiac injury. Analysis of oxidative markers in the plasma of ICM patients demonstrates that oxidative stress is associated with ICM. Moreover, we confirm that miR-16-5p overexpression promotes oxidative stress in AC16 cardiomyoblasts. We also find that, in response to tunicamycin-induced ER stress, miR-16-5p suppression decreases apoptosis, inflammation and cardiac damage via activating the ATF6-mediated cytoprotective pathway. Finally, ATF6 is identified as a direct target gene of miR-16-5p by dual-luciferase reporter assays. Our results indicate that miR-16-5p promotes ER stress and oxidative stress in cardiac cells through regulating ATF6, suggesting that the inhibition of miR-16-5p has potential as a therapeutic approach to protect the heart against ER and oxidative stress-induced injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T08:09:20Z","timestamp":1642493360000},"page":"1036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["miR-16-5p Suppression Protects Human Cardiomyocytes against Endoplasmic Reticulum and Oxidative Stress-Induced Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3136-1776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Toro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of C\u00e1diz (UCA), 11003 C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"P\u00e9rez-Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Service, Hospital Josep Trueta, University of Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alipio","family":"Mangas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of C\u00e1diz (UCA), 11003 C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5298-5276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Campuzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6857-8904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia","family":"Sarquella-Brugada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Arrhythmias Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9707-9899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maribel","family":"Quezada-Feijoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department Hospital Cruz Roja, Alfonso X University, 28003 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7654-6152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department Hospital Cruz Roja, Alfonso X University, 28003 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4678-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Alcal\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28668 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1998-6768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Carrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28668 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2061-3157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Garc\u00eda-Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Anatomia, Embriologia y Zoologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5669-7164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, 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