{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T14:54:15Z","timestamp":1792853655500,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japanese Dermatology Association (Novartis Pharma donated)","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}]},{"name":"Lydia O\u2019Leary Memorial Pias Dermatological Foundation","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alopecia areata is a representative inflammatory skin disease that is associated with various environmental stimuli. While psychological stress is believed to be a major pathogenetic trigger in alopecia areata, infants and newborns also suffer from the disease, suggesting the possible presence of other environmental factors. Daily lifestyle is well known to be involved in various inflammatory diseases and influences the severity of inflammatory skin diseases. However, only a limited number of studies have summarized these influences on alopecia areata. In this review article, we summarize lifestyle factor-related influences on the pathogenesis of alopecia areata and focus on environmental factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep, obesity, fatty acids, and gluten consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T22:46:32Z","timestamp":1642545992000},"page":"1038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Lifestyle Factors Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yoko","family":"Minokawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu City 807-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu City 807-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motonobu","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu City 807-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0084-5","article-title":"The immunological anatomy of the skin","volume":"19","author":"Kabashima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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