{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T18:29:14Z","timestamp":1760898554658,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union through the European Regional Development Fund","award":["GA KK01.1.1.01.0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA KK01.1.1.01.0007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Here, we present a rarely seen example of bilateral meningiomas exhibiting different malignancy grades, I (meningothelial) and II (atypical), recorded in a 72-year-old patient. The presence of two separated lesions of different grades in a single patient can elucidate meningioma progression. To this end, the involvement of specific protein markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), the process responsible for progression, was tested in both tumors. Protein expression status of specific epithelial (E-cadherin) and mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, SNAIL&amp;SLUG and TWIST1) was investigated. Furthermore, markers that are connected to Wnt signaling pathway\u2013beta-catenin, GSK3beta and DVL1\u2014were also analyzed. For signs of neurofibromatosis and schwanomatosis genetic testing was performed. Immunohistochemistry evaluated by immunoreactivity score (IRS) was used to determine the signal strengths and proteins\u2019 location. Our results indicated that, in comparison to the grade I tumor, mesenchymal markers SNAIL and SLUG were upregulated in the atypical meningioma. TWIST1, beta-catenin and GSK3beta were upregulated in both grades, while E-cadherin was partially lost. A pronounced cadherin switch could not be established; however, N-cadherin showed widespread tissue presence. Genetic testing did not detect changes of NF2 or SMARCB1 genes denying germline origin of the lesions. The rare presence of two different grades in one patient elucidate previously unknown molecules involved in meningioma progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T08:37:18Z","timestamp":1642754238000},"page":"1187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bilateral Meningioma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6587-8314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Bukovac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, \u0160alata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, \u0160alata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8214-4953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hana","family":"Pani\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, \u0160alata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomislava","family":"Mrgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, \u0160alata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nika","family":"\u0160laus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, \u0160alata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Kafka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, \u0160alata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, \u0160alata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niko","family":"Njiri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center \u201cZagreb\u201d, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Ki\u0161pati\u0107eva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3334-7671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nives","family":"Pe\u0107ina-\u0160laus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, \u0160alata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, \u0160alata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2008.01.010","article-title":"Meningioma","volume":"67","author":"Marosi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. 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