{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:03:36Z","timestamp":1792789416508,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":282,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR073004-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR073004-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR071189-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR071189-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI149267-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI149267-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Veteran Administration","award":["1I01BX004293-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I01BX004293-01A1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL2900\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2900\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TR156\/C05-246807620; SFB1009\/B11-194468054; SFB1066\/B06-213555243; SFB1450\/C06-431460824"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR156\/C05-246807620; SFB1009\/B11-194468054; SFB1066\/B06-213555243; SFB1450\/C06-431460824"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The skin, being the largest organ in the human body, is exposed to the environment and suffers from both intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors. The skin aging process is characterized by several clinical features such as wrinkling, loss of elasticity, and rough-textured appearance. This complex process is accompanied with phenotypic and functional changes in cutaneous and immune cells, as well as structural and functional disturbances in extracellular matrix components such as collagens and elastin. Because skin health is considered one of the principal factors representing overall \u201cwell-being\u201d and the perception of \u201chealth\u201d in humans, several anti-aging strategies have recently been developed. Thus, while the fundamental mechanisms regarding skin aging are known, new substances should be considered for introduction into dermatological treatments. Herein, we describe melatonin and its metabolites as potential \u201caging neutralizers\u201d. Melatonin, an evolutionarily ancient derivative of serotonin with hormonal properties, is the main neuroendocrine secretory product of the pineal gland. It regulates circadian rhythmicity and also exerts anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-tumor capacities. The intention of this review is to summarize changes within skin aging, research advances on the molecular mechanisms leading to these changes, and the impact of the melatoninergic anti-oxidative system controlled by melatonin and its metabolites, targeting the prevention or reversal of skin aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T20:32:52Z","timestamp":1642969972000},"page":"1238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Protective Role of Melatonin and Its Metabolites in Skin Aging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3532-7009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgeta","family":"Bocheva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radomir M.","family":"Slominski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"},{"name":"Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6108-2212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zorica","family":"Janjetovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Kang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of M\u00fcnster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0500-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerstin","family":"Steinbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of M\u00fcnster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6763-4225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russel J.","family":"Reiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1311-263X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konrad","family":"Kleszczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of M\u00fcnster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8963-3995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej T.","family":"Slominski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"},{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"v-115","article-title":"Sensing the environment: Regulation of local and global homeostasis by the skin\u2019s neuroendocrine system","volume":"212","author":"Slominski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. 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