{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:18:53Z","timestamp":1792804733677,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81900560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81900560"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["BK20180294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20180294"]}]},{"name":"the fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2020M671348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M671348"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0426zh255","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","award":["PPZY2015B146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPZY2015B146"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Triptolide (TP), the main active ingredient of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f., displays potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities. In the present study, the effect of TP on acute pancreatitis and the underlying mechanisms of the disease were investigated using a caerulein-induced animal model of acute pancreatitis (AP) and an in vitro cell model. In vivo, pretreatment with TP notably ameliorated pancreatic damage, shown as the improvement in serum amylase and lipase levels and pancreatic morphology. Meanwhile, TP modulated the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages (Ly6G staining and CD68 staining) and decreased the levels of proinflammatory factors (TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6) through inhibiting the transactivation of nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB) in caerulein-treated mice. Furthermore, TP reverted changes in oxidative stress markers, including pancreatic glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA), in acute pancreatitis mice. Additionally, TP pretreatment inhibited intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels via upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and Nrf2-regulated redox genes expression (HO-1, SOD1, GPx1 and NQO1) in vitro. Taken together, our data suggest that TP exert protection against pancreatic inflammation and tissue damage by inhibiting NF-\u03baB transactivation, modulating immune cell responses and activating the Nrf2-mediated antioxidative system, thereby alleviating acute pancreatitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T20:32:52Z","timestamp":1642969972000},"page":"1252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Triptolide Suppresses NF-\u03baB-Mediated Inflammatory Responses and Activates Expression of Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Genes to Alleviate Caerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3068-6595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xujiao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.01.055","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis: Bench to the bedside","volume":"132","author":"Pandol","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302779","article-title":"Classification of acute pancreatitis\u20142012: Revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus","volume":"62","author":"Banks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1159\/000085265","article-title":"Pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis","volume":"5","author":"Bhatia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16868","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i45.16868","article-title":"Pharmacologic therapy for acute pancreatitis","volume":"20","author":"Kambhampati","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. 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