{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:58:48Z","timestamp":1790632728446,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UNADEV","award":["MR-A-MD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR-A-MD"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-20-CE17-0034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-20-CE17-0034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a retinal disease affecting the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the choroid. This is a recognized side-effect of glucocorticoids (GCs), administered through nasal, articular, oral and dermal routes. However, CSCR does not occur after intraocular GCs administration, suggesting that a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) brake could play a role in the mechanistic link between CSCR and GS. The aim of this study was to explore this hypothesis. To induce HPA brake, Lewis rats received a systemic injection of dexamethasone daily for five days. Control rats received saline injections. Baseline levels of corticosterone were measured by Elisa at baseline and at 5 days in the serum and the ocular media and dexamethasone levels were measured at 5 days in the serum and ocular media. The expression of genes encoding glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptors (MR), and the 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) enzymes 1 and 2 were quantified in the neural retina and in RPE\/ choroid. The expression of MR target genes was quantified in the retina (Scnn1A (encoding ENac-\u03b1, Kir4.1 and Aqp4) and in the RPE\/choroid (Shroom 2, Ngal, Mmp9 and Omg, Ptx3, Plaur and Fosl-1). Only 10% of the corticosterone serum concentration was measured in the ocular media. Corticosterone levels in the serum and in the ocular media dropped after 5 days of dexamethasone systemic treatment, reflecting HPA axis brake. Whilst both GR and MR were downregulated in the retina without MR\/GR imbalance, in the RPE\/choroid, both MR\/GR and 11\u03b2-hsd2\/11\u03b2-hsd1 ratio increased, indicating MR pathway activation. MR-target genes were upregulated in the RPE\/ choroid but not in the retina. The psychological stress induced by the repeated injection of saline also induced HPA axis brake with a trend towards MR pathway activation in RPE\/ choroid. HPA axis brake causes an imbalance of corticoid receptors expression in the RPE\/choroid towards overactivation of MR pathway, which could favor the occurrence of CSCR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T20:38:58Z","timestamp":1643143138000},"page":"1278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Chronic Systemic Dexamethasone Regulates the Mineralocorticoid\/Glucocorticoid Pathways Balance in Rat Ocular Tissues"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Zola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Department of Ophthalmology, Ophtalmop\u00f4le, H\u00f4pital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Mejlachowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0442-6730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Gregorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Christine","family":"Naud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Jaisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5418-7275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8571-9513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francine","family":"Behar-Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Department of Ophthalmology, Ophtalmop\u00f4le, H\u00f4pital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"ACTH and cortisone, dangerous weapons","volume":"14","author":"Aliotta","year":"1952","journal-title":"Clin. 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