{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:48:49Z","timestamp":1788544129765,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministry of Education, Universities and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017M42834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M42834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000874","name":"Brain and Behavior Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20353"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NARSAD Young Investigator Grant","award":["23968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23968"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["2017MYJ5TH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017MYJ5TH"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["PRIN 2017B9NCSX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN 2017B9NCSX"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002803","name":"Fondazione Cariplo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-0511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-0511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a mental illness characterized by aberrant synaptic plasticity and connectivity. A large bulk of evidence suggests genetic and functional links between postsynaptic abnormalities and SCZ. Here, we performed quantitative PCR and Western blotting analysis in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and hippocampus of SCZ patients to investigate the mRNA and protein expression of three key spine shapers: the actin-binding protein cyclase-associated protein 2 (CAP2), the sheddase a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10), and the synapse-associated protein 97 (SAP97). Our analysis of the SCZ post-mortem brain indicated increased DLG1 mRNA in DLPFC and decreased CAP2 mRNA in the hippocampus of SCZ patients, compared to non-psychiatric control subjects, while the ADAM10 transcript was unaffected. Conversely, no differences in CAP2, SAP97, and ADAM10 protein levels were detected between SCZ and control individuals in both brain regions. To assess whether DLG1 and CAP2 transcript alterations were selective for SCZ, we also measured their expression in the superior frontal gyrus of patients affected by neurodegenerative disorders, like Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Interestingly, also in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients, we found a selective reduction of CAP2 mRNA levels relative to controls but unaltered protein levels. Taken together, we reported for the first time altered CAP2 expression in the brain of patients with psychiatric and neurological disorders, thus suggesting that aberrant expression of this gene may contribute to synaptic dysfunction in these neuropathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T05:26:17Z","timestamp":1643433977000},"page":"1539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Analysis of mRNA and Protein Levels of CAP2, DLG1 and ADAM10 Genes in Post-Mortem Brain of Schizophrenia, Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Di Maio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4985-1677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"De Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Pelucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Garofalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Marciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Nuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4598-5563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Gardoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Isidori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Di Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Errico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80055 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"De Bartolomeis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Psychiatry Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, School of Medicine, University \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Marcello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Usiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"300","article-title":"Schizophrenia: An Overview, Focus","volume":"14","author":"Rahman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. 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