{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:30:46Z","timestamp":1788546646964,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Beyond being aging-related diseases, atherosclerosis and osteoporosis share common pathogenetic pathways implicated in bone and vascular mineralization. However, the contributory role of dyslipidemia in this interplay is less documented. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide epidemiological evidence regarding the prevalence of bone disease (osteoporosis, fracture risk) in patients with dyslipidemias and to discuss potential common pathophysiological mechanisms linking osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. The effect of hypolipidemic therapy on bone metabolism is also discussed. Despite the high data heterogeneity and the variable quality of studies, dyslipidemia, mainly elevated total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, is associated with low bone mass and increased fracture risk. This effect may be mediated directly by the increased oxidative stress and systemic inflammation associated with dyslipidemia, leading to increased osteoclastic activity and reduced bone formation. Moreover, factors such as estrogen, vitamin D and K deficiency, and increased concentrations of parathyroid hormone, homocysteine and lipid oxidation products, can also contribute. Regarding the effect of hypolipidemic medications on bone metabolism, statins may slightly increase BMD and reduce fracture risk, although the evidence is not robust, as it is for omega-3 fatty acids. No evidence exists for the effects of ezetimibe, fibrates, and niacin. In any case, more prospective studies are needed further to elucidate the association between lipids and bone strength.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T08:20:29Z","timestamp":1643617229000},"page":"1639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Bone Health in Patients with Dyslipidemias: An Underestimated Aspect"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Anagnostis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0135-9694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matilda","family":"Florentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Ioannina, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarantis","family":"Livadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, 18547 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Lambrinoudaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5005-1995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios G.","family":"Goulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4103\/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_106_17","article-title":"Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease: Historical Perspectives","volume":"18","author":"Hajar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Views"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy (2001). 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