{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:15:30Z","timestamp":1789668930763,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP120100900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP120100900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006109","name":"VEGA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2\/0137\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/0137\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plant xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferases, known as xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases (XETs) are the key players that underlie plant cell wall dynamics and mechanics. These fundamental roles are central for the assembly and modifications of cell walls during embryogenesis, vegetative and reproductive growth, and adaptations to living environments under biotic and abiotic (environmental) stresses. XET enzymes (EC 2.4.1.207) have the \u03b2-sandwich architecture and the \u03b2-jelly-roll topology, and are classified in the glycoside hydrolase family 16 based on their evolutionary history. XET enzymes catalyse transglycosylation reactions with xyloglucan (XG)-derived and other than XG-derived donors and acceptors, and this poly-specificity originates from the structural plasticity and evolutionary diversification that has evolved through expansion and duplication. In phyletic groups, XETs form the gene families that are differentially expressed in organs and tissues in time- and space-dependent manners, and in response to environmental conditions. Here, we examine higher plant XET enzymes and dissect how their exclusively carbohydrate-linked transglycosylation catalytic function inter-connects complex plant cell wall components. Further, we discuss progress in technologies that advance the knowledge of plant cell walls and how this knowledge defines the roles of XETs. We construe that the broad specificity of the plant XETs underscores their roles in continuous cell wall restructuring and re-modelling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T08:20:29Z","timestamp":1643617229000},"page":"1656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Broad Specific Xyloglucan:Xyloglucosyl Transferases Are Formidable Players in the Re-Modelling of Plant Cell Wall Structures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3545-0605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Hrmova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai\u2019an 223300, China"},{"name":"School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbora","family":"Stratilov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia"},{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Comenius University, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Stratilov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1746","article-title":"Growth of the plant cell wall","volume":"6","author":"Cosgrove","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. 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