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More recently, it was also shown to be an effective treatment option for chronic virus infections in immunosuppressed patients. Autologous or allogeneic T cells used for immunotherapy are usually genetically modified to express novel T-cell or chimeric antigen receptors. The production of such cells was significantly simplified with the CRISPR\/Cas system, allowing for the deletion or insertion of novel genes at specific locations within the genome. In this review, we describe recent methodological breakthroughs that were important for the conduction of these genetic modifications, summarize crucial points to be considered when conducting such experiments, and highlight the potential pitfalls of these approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T09:59:21Z","timestamp":1643709561000},"page":"1689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Challenges of CRISPR-Based Gene Editing in Primary T Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8031-475X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaleh","family":"Rezalotfi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2481-5653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lea","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhold","family":"F\u00f6rster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3374-7488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berislav","family":"Bo\u0161njak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2011.05.007","article-title":"Influence of cytomegalovirus disease in outcome of solid organ transplant patients","volume":"43","author":"Linares","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transplant. 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