{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:34:40Z","timestamp":1788186880453,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]],"date-time":"2022-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an irreversibly progressive retinal degenerative disease characterized by dysfunction and loss of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). It has been suggested that impaired phagocytosis of the RPE is involved in the progression of non-exudative AMD, but the mechanism is not fully clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of lipid droplet accumulation on RPE function. Compared to young mice, the expression of lipid droplet-associated proteins increased in the RPE-choroidal complex, and lipid droplet in the RPE was observed in aged pigmented mice (12-month-old). Repeated treatment of the photoreceptor outer segment against ARPE-19 resulted in lipid droplets in ARPE-19 cells in vitro. Oleic acid treatment for ARPE-19 cells to form intracellular lipid droplet reduced the POS uptake into the ARPE-19 cells without causing a decrease in cell viability. The suppression of the POS uptake by lipid droplet formation improved by inhibiting lipid droplet formation using triacsin C. Moreover, the amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species was suppressed by the triacsin C treatment. These results indicate that lipid droplet is involved in the RPE dysfunction, and inhibiting lipid droplet formation may be a target for preventing and treating non-exudative AMD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T20:36:47Z","timestamp":1644179807000},"page":"1790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Lipid Droplet Accumulation Promotes RPE Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Yako","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5930-1954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wataru","family":"Otsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9141-8733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masamitsu","family":"Shimazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Collaborative Research for Innovative Drug Discovery, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Collaborative Research for Innovative Drug Discovery, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.06.012","article-title":"Noncanonical Autophagy Promotes the Visual Cycle","volume":"154","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.02.003","article-title":"Targeting Tissue Lipids in Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"5","author":"Apte","year":"2016","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1041699","article-title":"Deletion of Autophagy Inducer RB1CC1 Results in Degeneration of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium","volume":"11","author":"Yao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.36184","article-title":"Dysregulated Autophagy in the RPE Is Associated with Increased Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress and AMD","volume":"10","author":"Mitter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2537","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.453","article-title":"Dysfunctional Autophagy in RPE, a Contributing Factor in Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"8","author":"Golestaneh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, A.L., Lukas, T.J., Yuan, M., Du, N., Tso, M.O., and Neufeld, A.H. 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