{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T15:00:27Z","timestamp":1778943627919,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hungarian Government and Hungarian Academy of Sciences","award":["GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00050, EFOP-362-16-2017-00008, EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00004, Lor\u00e1nd E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Research Network, and Krisztina Poh\u00f3czky by J\u00e1nos Bolyai Research Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00050, EFOP-362-16-2017-00008, EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00004, Lor\u00e1nd E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Research Network, and Krisztina Poh\u00f3czky by J\u00e1nos Bolyai Research Scholarship"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis. Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors are non-selective cation channels expressed on primary sensory neurons and epithelial and immune cells. TRPV1 mRNA and immunopositivity, as well as TRPA1-like immunoreactivity upregulation, were demonstrated in OSCC, but selectivity problems with the antibodies still raise questions and their functional relevance is unclear. Therefore, here, we investigated TRPA1 and TRPV1 expressions in OSCC and analyzed their functions. TRPA1 and TRPV1 mRNA were determined by RNAscope in situ hybridization and qPCR. Radioactive 45Ca2+ uptake and ATP-based luminescence indicating cell viability were measured in PE\/CA-PJ41 cells in response to the TRPA1 agonist allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC) and TRPV1 agonist capsaicin to determine receptor function. Both TRPA1 and TRPV1 mRNA are expressed in the squamous epithelium of the human oral mucosa and in PE\/CA-PJ41 cells, and their expressions are significantly upregulated in OSCC compared to healthy mucosa. TRPA1 and TRPV1 activation (100 \u00b5M AITC, 100 nM capsaicin) induced 45Ca2+-influx into PE\/CA-PJ41 cells. Both AITC (10 nM\u20135 \u00b5M) and capsaicin (100 nM\u201345 \u00b5M) reduced cell viability, reaching significant decrease at 100 nM AITC and 45 \u00b5M capsaicin. We provide the first evidence for the presence of non-neuronal TRPA1 receptor in the OSCC and confirm the expression of TRPV1 channel. These channels are functionally active and might regulate cancer cell viability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T23:37:48Z","timestamp":1644363468000},"page":"1921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Functional Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 and Vanilloid 1 Ion Channels Are Overexpressed in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9020-1567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fruzsina","family":"Kiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Somogy County Kaposi M\u00f3r Teaching Hospital Kaposv\u00e1r, H-7400 Kaposv\u00e1r, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of P\u00e9cs Medical School, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3360-2425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vikt\u00f3ria","family":"Kormos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of P\u00e9cs Medical School, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, University of P\u00e9cs J\u00e1nos Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c9va","family":"Sz\u0151ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of P\u00e9cs Medical School, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, University of P\u00e9cs J\u00e1nos Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3538-588X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang\u00e9la","family":"Kecsk\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of P\u00e9cs Medical School, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, University of P\u00e9cs J\u00e1nos Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of P\u00e9cs Medical School, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, University of P\u00e9cs J\u00e1nos Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Steib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of P\u00e9cs Medical School, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, University of P\u00e9cs J\u00e1nos Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1rp\u00e1d","family":"Sz\u00e1ll\u00e1si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1lint","family":"Scheich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2830-2732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bal\u00e1zs","family":"Gaszner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group for Mood Disorders, Department of Anatomy & Centre for Neuroscience & Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, University of P\u00e9cs Medical School, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f3zsef","family":"Kun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of P\u00e9cs Medical School, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, University of P\u00e9cs J\u00e1nos Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Bioinformatics Research Group, University of P\u00e9cs J\u00e1nos Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"F\u00fcl\u00f6p","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Somogy County Kaposi M\u00f3r Teaching Hospital Kaposv\u00e1r, H-7400 Kaposv\u00e1r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0385-5162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krisztina","family":"Poh\u00f3czky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of P\u00e9cs Medical School, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, University of P\u00e9cs J\u00e1nos Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zsuzsanna","family":"Helyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of P\u00e9cs Medical School, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, University of P\u00e9cs J\u00e1nos Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"PharmInVivo Ltd., H-7629 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2006.00232.x","article-title":"Effect of dietary antioxidants and risk of oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma according to smoking and drinking habits","volume":"97","author":"Suzuki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"153","article-title":"Alcohol drinking. Epidemiological studies of cancer in humans","volume":"44","author":"Humans","year":"1988","journal-title":"IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djk179","article-title":"Alcohol drinking in never users of tobacco, cigarette smoking in never drinkers, and the risk of head and neck cancer: Pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium","volume":"99","author":"Hashibe","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980401)82:7<1367::AID-CNCR21>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Smoking tobacco, oral snuff, and alcohol in the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A population-based case-referent study in Sweden","volume":"82","author":"Lewin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"4779","article-title":"Head and neck cancer: A global perspective on epidemiology and prognosis","volume":"18","author":"Sankaranarayanan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.11.004","article-title":"TRP channels: Diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer?","volume":"19","author":"Gautier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.2147\/BCTT.S121610","article-title":"Expression and functionality of TRPV1 in breast cancer cells","volume":"8","author":"Weber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Targets Ther."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2014.04.006","article-title":"Consequences of activating the calcium-permeable ion channel TRPV1 in breast cancer cells with regulated TRPV1 expression","volume":"56","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-020-01707-7","article-title":"The role of TRPV1 ion channels in the suppression of gastric cancer development","volume":"39","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-018-0611-7","article-title":"Cannabinoid-induced cell death in endometrial cancer cells: Involvement of TRPV1 receptors in apoptosis","volume":"74","author":"Fonseca","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617801","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.617801","article-title":"TRP Channels in Brain Tumors","volume":"9","author":"Castel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2012.11.019","article-title":"Stimulation of the chemosensory TRPA1 cation channel by volatile toxic substances promotes cell survival of small cell lung cancer cells","volume":"85","author":"Schaefer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"832469","article-title":"TRP Channels in Human Prostate","volume":"10","author":"Nilius","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakakibara, A., Sakakibara, S., Kusumoto, J., Takeda, D., Hasegawa, T., Akashi, M., Minamikawa, T., Hashikawa, K., Terashi, H., and Komori, T. (2017). Upregulated Expression of Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Receptors in Mucosae of Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Patients with a History of Alcohol Consumption or Smoking. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169723"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-030212-183811","article-title":"TRPA1: A gatekeeper for inflammation","volume":"75","author":"Bautista","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2174\/1876386301306010137","article-title":"Roles of TRPA1 in Pain Pathophysiology and Implications for the Development of a New Class of Analgesic Drugs","volume":"6","author":"Radresa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Open Pain J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.023","article-title":"TRPA1 mediates the inflammatory actions of environmental irritants and proalgesic agents","volume":"124","author":"Bautista","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808487106","article-title":"TRPA1 acts as a cold sensor in vitro and in vivo","volume":"106","author":"Karashima","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00158-2","article-title":"ANKTM1, a TRP-like channel expressed in nociceptive neurons, is activated by cold temperatures","volume":"112","author":"Story","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06030.x","article-title":"Transient receptor potential A1 mediates an osmotically activated ion channel","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517695518","article-title":"TRPA1 Channels Mediate Human Gingival Fibroblast Response to Phenytoin","volume":"96","author":"Luis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13519","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705923104","article-title":"4-Hydroxynonenal, an endogenous aldehyde, causes pain and neurogenic inflammation through activation of the irritant receptor TRPA1","volume":"104","author":"Trevisani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25437","article-title":"TRPA1 induced in sensory neurons contributes to cold hyperalgesia after inflammation and nerve injury","volume":"115","author":"Obata","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02282","article-title":"Mustard oils and cannabinoids excite sensory nerve fibres through the TRP channel ANKTM1","volume":"427","author":"Jordt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02018.x","article-title":"TRPA1 channels in the vasculature","volume":"167","author":"Earley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2006.04.015","article-title":"A road map for TR(I)Ps","volume":"22","author":"Nilius","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705768","article-title":"Activation and sensitisation of the vanilloid receptor: Role in gastrointestinal inflammation and function","volume":"141","author":"Geppetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nassini, R., Pedretti, P., Moretto, N., Fusi, C., Carnini, C., Facchinetti, F., Viscomi, A.R., Pisano, A.R., Stokesberry, S., and Brunmark, C. (2012). Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 channel localized to non-neuronal airway cells promotes non-neurogenic inflammation. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042454"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.07.002","article-title":"TRPA1 and substance P mediate colitis in mice","volume":"141","author":"Engel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Csek\u0151, K., Beckers, B., Keszthelyi, D., and Helyes, Z. (2019). Role of TRPV1 and TRPA1 Ion Channels in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Potential Therapeutic Targets?. Pharmaceuticals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph12020048"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81250-3","article-title":"Functional expression of the transient receptor potential ankyrin type 1 channel in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells","volume":"11","author":"Cojocaru","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.15326","article-title":"Overexpression of Transient Receptor Protein Cation Channel Subfamily A Member 1, Confers an Independent Prognostic Indicator in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1159\/000447914","article-title":"TRPP2 Enhances Metastasis by Regulating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"39","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2280","article-title":"The vanilloid receptor TRPV1: 10 years from channel cloning to antagonist proof-of-concept","volume":"6","author":"Szallasi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13396","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231243698","article-title":"Vanilloid receptor expression suggests a sensory role for urinary bladder epithelial cells","volume":"98","author":"Birder","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.09.016","article-title":"Increased expression of bronchial epithelial transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels in patients with severe asthma","volume":"133","author":"McGarvey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.258","article-title":"Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 signaling as a regulator of human sebocyte biology","volume":"129","author":"Griger","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2009.01526.x","article-title":"Increased expression of TRPV1 in squamous cell carcinoma of the human tongue","volume":"15","author":"Czifra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55133-7","article-title":"Validation of antibodies for the specific detection of human TRPA1","volume":"9","author":"Virk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510385459","article-title":"Oral epithelial cells are activated via TRP channels","volume":"90","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.12570","article-title":"Recurrent activations of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 and vanilloid-4 promote cellular proliferation and migration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S166390","article-title":"Decreased expression of TRPV1 in renal cell carcinoma: Association with tumor Fuhrman grades and histopathological subtypes","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2147\/BCTT.S170208","article-title":"Intracellular aggregated TRPV1 is associated with lower survival in breast cancer patients","volume":"10","author":"Lozano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Targets Ther."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22642","article-title":"Activation of mutated TRPA1 ion channel by resveratrol in human prostate cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF)","volume":"56","author":"Vancauwenberghe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514552826","article-title":"Epithelial TRPV1 signaling accelerates gingival epithelial cell proliferation","volume":"93","author":"Takahashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.02.040","article-title":"TRPA1 Acts in a Protective Manner in Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasiform Dermatitis in Mice","volume":"138","author":"Kodji","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-017-9407-8","article-title":"Do TRPV1 antagonists increase the risk for skin tumourigenesis? A collaborative in vitro and in vivo assessment","volume":"34","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"8756","article-title":"Effect of allyl isothiocyanate on the viability and apoptosis of the human cervical cancer HeLa cell line in vitro","volume":"15","author":"Qin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2014.11.004","article-title":"Inhibition of bladder cancer cell proliferation by allyl isothiocyanate (mustard essential oil)","volume":"771","author":"Salvadori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6485","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-1864-6","article-title":"Capsaicin inhibits cell proliferation by cytochrome c release in gastric cancer cells","volume":"35","author":"Meral","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19353-7","article-title":"Anti-cancer activities of allyl isothiocyanate and its conjugated silicon quantum dots","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735407309084","article-title":"Inhibition of endothelial cell differentiation and proinflammatory cytokine production during angiogenesis by allyl isothiocyanate and phenyl isothiocyanate","volume":"6","author":"Thejass","year":"2007","journal-title":"Integr. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X16500245","article-title":"Allyl Isothiocyanate Induces Cell Toxicity by Multiple Pathways in Human Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"44","author":"Bo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiss, F., Poh\u00f3czky, K., Sz\u00e1ll\u00e1si, A., and Helyes, Z. (2020). Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in Head-and-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Potentials. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176374"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.055","article-title":"Capsaicin-induced neuronal death and proliferation of the primary sensory neurons located in the nodose ganglia of adult rats","volume":"154","author":"Czaja","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-4188","article-title":"Ion channels and transporters in cancer: Pathophysiology, regulation, and clinical potential","volume":"73","author":"Pedersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"251","article-title":"Oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion is associated with a laminin-5 matrix re-organization but independent of basement membrane and hemidesmosome formation. clues from an in vitro invasion model","volume":"17","author":"Berndt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Invasion Metastasis"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43763","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43763","article-title":"Identification of stable housekeeping genes in response to ionizing radiation in cancer research","volume":"7","author":"Iyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/3\/1921\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:16:27Z","timestamp":1760134587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/3\/1921"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms23031921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23031921","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]}}}