{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T23:20:31Z","timestamp":1788477631228,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P1-170, L3-8203, and L3-2622."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P1-170, L3-8203, and L3-2622."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mesothelioma is a rare tumor, frequently associated with asbestos exposure, arising from pleura and peritoneum. Traditionally, diagnosis and treatment have been difficult in a clinical setting. The treatment is based on a trimodal approach involving surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The introduction of chemotherapy improved the overall survival. However, the regimen of pemetrexed\/cisplatin doublet has not been changed as a standard treatment since 2004. Novel combinations of ipilimumab and nivolumab have only been approved for clinical use in late 2020. The aim of this review was to systematically summarize findings on novel treatment options in mesothelioma. We searched available medical databases online, such as PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov, to systematically review the literature on novel approaches in immunotherapy, vaccines, and Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy in mesothelioma. We manually screened 1127 articles on PubMed and 450 trials on ClinicalTrials.gov, and 24 papers and 12 clinical trials published in the last ten years were included in this review. Immunotherapy that was swiftly introduced to treat other thoracic malignancies was slow to reach desirable survival endpoints in mesothelioma, possibly due to limited patient numbers. Novel treatment approaches, such as CAR-T cell therapy, are being investigated. As the incidence of mesothelioma is still rising globally, novel treatment options based on a better understanding of the tumor microenvironment and the genetic drivers that modulate it are needed to support future precision-based therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23041975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T02:35:51Z","timestamp":1644546951000},"page":"1975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Novel and Future Treatment Options in Mesothelioma: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0041-8859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danijela","family":"\u0160trbac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oncology, Zalo\u0161ka 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6707-6649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vita","family":"Dol\u017ean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brims, F. (2021). Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13164194"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"WHO (2020, September 20). Global Mesothelioma Deaths Reported to the World Health Organization between 1994 and 2008. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/bulletin\/volumes\/89\/10\/11-086678\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.514","article-title":"The latency period of mesothelioma among a cohort of British asbestos workers (1978\u20132005)","volume":"109","author":"Frost","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-019-01433-4","article-title":"Risk of mesothelioma after cessation of asbestos exposure: A systematic review and meta-regression","volume":"92","author":"Boffetta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660039","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.660039","article-title":"Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Genetic Alterations in Mesothelioma","volume":"11","author":"Hiltbrunner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgt166","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma","volume":"34","author":"Sekido","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2008.02.013","article-title":"Frequent p16 inactivation by homozygous deletion or methylation is associated with a poor prognosis in Japanese patients with pleural mesothelioma","volume":"62","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2016.07.011","article-title":"Low homozygous\/high heterozygous deletion status by p16 FISH correlates with a better prognostic group than high homozygous deletion status in malignant pleural mesothelioma","volume":"99","author":"Hamasaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000176","article-title":"p16 FISH Deletion in Surface Epithelial Mesothelial Proliferations Is Predictive of Underlying Invasive Mesothelioma","volume":"38","author":"Hwang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200226","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0226-2020","article-title":"Update on biology and management of mesothelioma","volume":"30","author":"Asciak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr.2018.07.05","article-title":"The eighth TNM classification for malignant pleural mesothelioma","volume":"7","author":"Berzenji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Lung Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-021-03031-7","article-title":"Pleural mesothelioma classification update","volume":"478","author":"Beasley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)36578-X","article-title":"Extrapleural pneumonectomy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in the treatment of diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma","volume":"102","author":"Sugarbaker","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-020-00807-y","article-title":"A Review of Pharmacologic Management in the Treatment of Mesothelioma","volume":"22","author":"Borrelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Oncol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-041316-085813","article-title":"New Concepts in the Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma","volume":"69","author":"Wald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0b013e32834d7a1c","article-title":"A phase II trial of low-dose gemcitabine in a prolonged infusion and cisplatin for malignant pleural mesothelioma","volume":"23","author":"Kovac","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anti-Cancer Drugs"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v31","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv199","article-title":"Malignant pleural mesothelioma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Baas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021, September 18). Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Version 2. Available online: https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/professionals\/physician_gls\/pdf\/mpm.pdf."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00039510","article-title":"Trimodality therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma: Results from an EORTC phase II multicentre trial","volume":"36","author":"Baas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30606-9","article-title":"Surgery for malignant pleural mesothelioma after radiotherapy (SMART): Final results from a single-centre, phase 2 trial","volume":"22","author":"Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100640","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22062","article-title":"Effect of hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy on the malignant pleural mesothelioma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.05.038","article-title":"Programmed Death 1 Blockade With Nivolumab in Patients With Recurrent Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma","volume":"13","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Hyde-Barrett, L. (2021, August 31). First New Drug Treatment for Mesothelioma Approved by FDA in Over 16 Years. Available online: https:\/\/www.mesotheliomahelp.org\/first-new-drug-treatment-for-mesothelioma-approved-by-fda-in-over-16-years\/."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcq, E., Van Audenaerde, J.R., De Waele, J., Jacobs, J., Van Loenhout, J., Cavents, G., Pauwels, P., van Meerbeeck, J.P., and Smits, E.L. (2019). Building a Bridge between Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Investigating the Effect of Chemotherapy on Immune Checkpoint Ex-pression. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174182"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr.2020.01.16","article-title":"Chemotherapy options versus \u201cnovel\u201d therapies: How should we treat patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma","volume":"9","author":"Disselhorst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Lung Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"(2021, December 01). National Library of Medicine, Available online: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"NIH (2022, January 10). Clinical Trials.gov, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz011","article-title":"Five-year survival outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma treated with pembrolizumab in KEYNOTE-001","volume":"30","author":"Hamid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606774","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus Chemotherapy for PD-L1\u2013Positive Non\u2013Small-Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"375","author":"Reck","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30765-4","article-title":"Nivolumab or nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with relapsed malignant pleural mesothelioma (IFCT-1501 MAPS2): A multicentre, open-label, randomised, non-comparative, phase 2 trial","volume":"20","author":"Scherpereel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32714-8","article-title":"First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab in unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma (CheckMate 743): A multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"397","author":"Baas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30169-9","article-title":"Clinical safety and activity of pembrolizumab in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (KEYNOTE-028): Preliminary results from a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1b trial","volume":"18","author":"Alley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30515-4","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced mesothelioma in the open-label, single-arm, phase 2 KEYNOTE-158 study","volume":"9","author":"Yap","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01366","article-title":"The Immune Microenvironment in Mesothelioma: Mechanisms of Resistance to Immu-notherapy","volume":"9","author":"Chu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-3757","article-title":"Tumor-Derived GM-CSF Promotes Granulocyte Immunosuppression in Mesothelioma Patients","volume":"24","author":"Khanna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-019-0364-z","article-title":"V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), a potentially targetable immune checkpoint molecule, is highly expressed in epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma","volume":"33","author":"Muller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-019-0328-3","article-title":"Expression of V-set immunoregulatory receptor in malignant mesothelioma","volume":"33","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2020.188386","article-title":"Priming the tumor immune microenvironment with chemo(radio)therapy: A systematic review across tumor types","volume":"1874","author":"Hoonhout","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6345","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1231","article-title":"Gemcitabine Synergizes with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Overcomes Resistance in a Preclinical Model and Mesothelioma Patients","volume":"24","author":"Cecconi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201508-1573OC","article-title":"Extended Tumor Control after Dendritic Cell Vaccination with Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide as Adjuvant Treatment in Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma","volume":"193","author":"Cornelissen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200909-1465OC","article-title":"Consolidative dendritic cell-based im-munotherapy elicits cytotoxicity against malignant mesothelioma","volume":"181","author":"Hegmans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.11.304","article-title":"OA13.06 Autologous Dendritic Cells Loaded with Allogeneic Tumor Cell Lysate (Pheralys\u00ae) in Patients with Mesothelioma: Final Results of a Phase I Study","volume":"12","author":"Aerts","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumoulin, D., Cornelissen, R., Bezemer, K., Baart, S., and Aerts, J. (2021). Long-Term Follow-Up of Mesothelioma Patients Treated with Dendritic Cell Therapy in Three Phase I\/II Trials. Vaccines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9050525"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr.2019.05.05","article-title":"A multicenter, randomized, phase II\/III study of dendritic cells loaded with allogeneic tumor cell lysate (MesoPher) in subjects with mesothelioma as maintenance therapy after chemotherapy: DENdritic cell Immunotherapy for Mesothelioma (DENIM) trial","volume":"8","author":"Belderbos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Lung Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63096","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18656","article-title":"Cap-dependent translational control of oncolytic measles virus infection in malignant mesothelioma","volume":"8","author":"Jacobson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2021.01.010","article-title":"Eliminating mesothelioma by AAV-vectored, PD1-based vaccination in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"20","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Oncolytics"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-02905-3","article-title":"Helland \u00c5slaug NIPU: A randomised, open-label, phase II study evaluating nivolumab and ipilimumab combined with UV1 vaccination as second line treatment in patients with malignant mesothelioma","volume":"19","author":"Haakensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1457597","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1457597","article-title":"A single centre phase II trial to assess the immuno-logical activity of TroVax\u00ae plus pemetrexed\/cisplatin in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma\u2014The SKOPOS trial","volume":"7","author":"Lester","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v572","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx389.012","article-title":"ONCOS-102 and pemetrexed\/cisplatin in patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma","volume":"28","author":"Aix","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2021.05.004","article-title":"CAR T-cell therapy for pleural mesothelioma: Rationale, preclinical development, and clinical trials","volume":"157","author":"Chintala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-021-00264-1","article-title":"Anti-Mesothelin CAR T cell therapy for malignant mesothelioma","volume":"9","author":"Castelletti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomark. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"739","article-title":"Mesothelin-targeted second generation CAR-T cells inhibit growth of mesothelin-expressing tumors in vivo","volume":"17","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13580","article-title":"Podoplanin: An emerging cancer biomarker and therapeutic target","volume":"109","author":"Krishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-0407","article-title":"A phase I trial of regional meso-thelin-targeted CAR T-cell therapy in patients with malignant pleural disease, in combination with the anti-PD-1 agent pem-brolizumab","volume":"11","author":"Adusumilli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.07.015","article-title":"Phase I Study of Lentiviral-Transduced Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells Recognizing Mesothelin in Advanced Solid Cancers","volume":"27","author":"Haas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1554969","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1554969","article-title":"Making cold malignant pleural effusions hot: Driving novel immunotherapies","volume":"8","author":"Murthy","year":"2019","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S92","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr.2019.11.12","article-title":"Chromosomal rearrangements and their neoantigenic potential in mesothelioma","volume":"9","author":"Mansfield","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Lung Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.12.025","article-title":"Splicing modulation as novel thera-peutic strategy against diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma","volume":"39","author":"Sciarrillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.08.002","article-title":"An RNAi therapeutic, DFP-10825, for intraperitoneal and intrapleural malignant cancers","volume":"154\u2013155","author":"Ando","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5565","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15213","article-title":"PRMT5 silencing selectively affects MTAP-deleted mesothelioma: In vitro evidence of a novel promising approach","volume":"24","author":"Barbarino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12150","article-title":"A link between the fibroblast growth factor axis and the miR-16 family reveals potential new treatment combinations in mesothelioma","volume":"12","author":"Schelch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.08.001","article-title":"Exosomal transfer of miR-126 promotes the anti-tumour response in malignant mesothelioma: Role of miR-126 in cancer-stroma communication","volume":"463","author":"Monaco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2017.10.016","article-title":"Dysregulated Expression of the MicroRNA miR-137 and Its Target YBX1 Contribute to the Invasive Characteristics of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma","volume":"13","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00446","article-title":"miR-182 and miR-183 Promote Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Targeting FOXO1 in Mesothelioma","volume":"8","author":"Suzuki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2021.04.001","article-title":"MicroRNA-206 suppresses mesothelioma progression via the Ras signaling axis","volume":"24","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dulloo, S., Bzura, A., and Fennell, D. (2021). Precision Therapy for Mesothelioma: Feasibility and New Opportunities. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13102347"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/4\/1975\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:17:52Z","timestamp":1760134672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/4\/1975"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms23041975"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23041975","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]}}}