{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:20:16Z","timestamp":1789773616796,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent gynaecologic cancer in postmenopausal women. We used 2D-DIGE and mass spectrometry to identify candidate biomarkers in endometrial cancer, analysing the serum protein contents of 10 patients versus 10 control subjects. Using gel-based proteomics, we identified 24 candidate biomarkers, considering only spots with a fold change in volume percentage \u2265 1.5 or intensity change \u2264 0.6, which were significantly different between cases and controls (p &lt; 0.05). We used Western blotting analysis both in the serum and tissue of 43 patients for data validation. Among the identified proteins, we selected Suprabasin (SBSN), an oncogene previously associated with poor prognosis in different cancers. SBSN principal isoforms were subjected to Western blotting analysis in serum and surgery-excised tissue: both isoforms were downregulated in the tissue. However, in serum, isoform 1 was upregulated, while isoform 2 was downregulated. Data-mining on the TCGA and GTEx projects, using the GEPIA2.0 interface, indicated a diminished SBSN expression in the Uterine Corpus Endometrial Cancer (UCEC) database compared to normal tissue, confirming proteomic results. These results suggest that SBSN, specifically isoform 2, in tissue or serum, could be a potential novel biomarker in endometrial cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23042076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T03:46:00Z","timestamp":1644810360000},"page":"2076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Gel-Based Proteomic Identification of Suprabasin as a Potential New Candidate Biomarker in Endometrial Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9760-8463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulvio","family":"Celsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2014IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 65\/1 Via dell\u2019Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7774-548X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Monasta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2014IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 65\/1 Via dell\u2019Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4103-2733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Arrigoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Proteomics Centre, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Battisti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Proteomics Centre, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Licastro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARGO Laboratorio Genomica ed Epigenomica, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelangelo","family":"Aloisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2014IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 65\/1 Via dell\u2019Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8845-1206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Di Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2014IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 65\/1 Via dell\u2019Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2157-8330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2014IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 65\/1 Via dell\u2019Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8031-1102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2014IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 65\/1 Via dell\u2019Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blendi","family":"Ura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2014IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 65\/1 Via dell\u2019Istria, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-42542-9_7","article-title":"Obesity and endometrial cancer","volume":"208","author":"Shaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Recent Results Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2035378","article-title":"Endometrial Cancer","volume":"384","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4225","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.69.4638","article-title":"Addressing the Role of Obesity in Endometrial Cancer Risk, Prevention, and Treatment","volume":"34","author":"Onstad","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2016.05.013","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of endometrial cancer: A systematic review","volume":"91","year":"2016","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paleari, L., Pesce, S., Rutigliani, M., Greppi, M., Obino, V., Gorlero, F., Vellone, V.G., and Marcenaro, E. (2021). New Insights into Endometrial Cancer. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13071496"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.103016","article-title":"Adjuvant treatment of endometrial cancer in molecular era: Are we ready to move on?","volume":"153","author":"Paulino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21257-6","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of cytology for the detection of endometrial cancer in urine and vaginal samples","volume":"12","author":"Ryan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.190","article-title":"A clinically applicable molecular-based classification for endometrial cancers","volume":"113","author":"Talhouk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5585","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.5585","article-title":"Clinical activity, safety and biomarker results from a phase Ia study of atezolizumab (atezo) in advanced\/recurrent endometrial cancer (rEC)","volume":"35","author":"Fleming","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2020.104099","article-title":"Comprehensive serum proteomic analysis in early endometrial cancer","volume":"234","author":"Uyar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ura, B., Biffi, S., Monasta, L., Arrigoni, G., Battisti, I., Di Lorenzo, G., Romano, F., Aloisio, M., Celsi, F., and Addobbati, R. (2021). Two Dimensional-Difference in Gel Electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) Proteomic Approach for the Identification of Biomarkers in Endometrial Cancer Serum. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13143639"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2012.654","article-title":"Biomarkers in endometrial cancer: Possible clinical applications (Review)","volume":"3","author":"Banno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"182","article-title":"Mutations of the Ki-ras oncogene in carcinoma of the endometrium","volume":"146","author":"Caduff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pribyl, M., Hodny, Z., and Kubikova, I. (2021). Suprabasin\u2014A Review. Genes, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12010108"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1293003","article-title":"The Secreted Protein Discovery Initiative (SPDI), a Large-Scale Effort to Identify Novel Human Secreted and Transmembrane Proteins: A Bioinformatics Assessment","volume":"13","author":"Clark","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D191","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1140","article-title":"Activities at the Universal Protein Resource (UniProt)","volume":"42","author":"Consortium","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2018.07.002","article-title":"Cancer biomarker development and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE)","volume":"1867","author":"Kondo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)\u2014Proteins Proteom."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3780","DOI":"10.1021\/pr400439m","article-title":"Laser Microdissection and Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis Reveal the Role of a Novel Macrophage-Capping Protein in Lymph Node Metastasis in Gastric Cancer","volume":"12","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200900441","article-title":"Identification of candidate biomarkers in ovarian cancer serum by depletion of highly abundant proteins and differential in-gel electrophoresis","volume":"31","author":"Andersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ummanni, R., Mundt, F., Pospisil, H., Venz, S., Scharf, C., Barett, C., F\u00e4lth, M., K\u00f6llermann, J., Walther, R., and Schlomm, T. (2011). Identification of Clinically Relevant Protein Targets in Prostate Cancer with 2D-DIGE Coupled Mass Spectrometry and Systems Biology Network Platform. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016833"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5695","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3299","article-title":"2D-DIGE proteomic analysis identifies new potential therapeutic targets for adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Poli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2012.01.010","article-title":"Cancer biomarkers","volume":"6","author":"Henry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1087","article-title":"Cancer genes and the pathways they control","volume":"10","author":"Vogelstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2074","article-title":"Actin and serum response factor transduce physical cues from the microenvironment to regulate epidermal stem cell fate decisions","volume":"12","author":"Connelly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, S., Zhang, Q., Su, Y., and Pan, L. (2018). Network-Based Differential Analysis to Identify Molecular Features of Tumorigenesis for Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23010088"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21549","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21549","article-title":"Overexpression of Suprabasin is Associated with Proliferation and Tumorigenicity of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-018-0049-y","article-title":"Interaction between Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin and RAS-ERK pathways and an anti-cancer strategy via degradations of \u03b2-catenin and RAS by targeting the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway","volume":"2","author":"Jeong","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.100303","article-title":"Down-regulation of the oncogene cyclin D1 increases migratory capacity in breast cancer and is linked to unfavorable prognostic features","volume":"177","author":"Lehn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Melamed, J., Wei, P., Cox, K., Frankel, W., Bahnson, R.R., Robinson, N., Pyka, R., Liu, Y., and Zheng, P. (2003). Concordant down-regulation of proto-oncogene PML and major histocompatibility antigen HLA class I expression in high-grade prostate cancer. Cancer Immun., 3."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01078","article-title":"Cell Adhesion Molecules and Their Roles and Regulation in the Immune and Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"10","author":"Asens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashkenazi, E., Baranovski, B.M., Shahaf, G., and Lewis, E.C. (2013). Pancreatic islet xenograft survival in mice is extended by a combination of alpha-1-antitrypsin and single-dose anti-CD4\/CD8 therapy. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063625"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20312","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3964","article-title":"Snail and serpinA1 promote tumor progression and predict prognosis in colorectal cancer","volume":"6","author":"Jo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3861","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S306405","article-title":"Down-Regulation of an Autophagy-Related Gene SERPINA1 as a Superior Prognosis Biomarker Associates with Relapse and Distant Metastasis in Colon Adenocarcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3949","article-title":"Metabolic dysregulation in monogenic disorders and cancer\u2014Finding method in madness","volume":"15","author":"Erez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(99)00018-X","article-title":"Alpha2-macroglobulin: An evolutionarily conserved arm of the innate immune system","volume":"23","author":"Armstrong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev. Comput. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurz, S., Thieme, R., Amberg, R., Groth, M., Jahnke, H.-G., Pieroh, P., Horn, L.-C., Kolb, M., Huse, K., and Platzer, M. (2017). The anti-tumorigenic activity of A2M\u2014A lesson from the naked mole-rat. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189514"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2005.08.002","article-title":"Cell migration in tumors","volume":"17","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4003","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.13.4003","article-title":"Serum spreading factor (vitronectin) is present at the cell surface and in tissues","volume":"80","author":"Hayman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-021-00930-7","article-title":"Prognostic implications of tumor-infiltrating T cells in early-stage endometrial cancer","volume":"35","author":"Mendiola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M300418-JLR200","article-title":"Molecular interactions between apoE and ABCA1: Impact on apoE lipidation","volume":"45","author":"Krimbou","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.06.006","article-title":"Tumor Cell-Intrinsic Factors Underlie Heterogeneity of Immune Cell Infiltration and Response to Immunotherapy","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4305","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-3929","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E Promotes Immune Suppression in Pancreatic Cancer through NF-\u03baB-Mediated Production of CXCL1","volume":"81","author":"Kemp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-1910-7","article-title":"AIBP and APOA-I synergistically inhibit intestinal tumor growth and metastasis by promoting cholesterol efflux","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2016.4688","article-title":"Abnormal expression of leiomyoma cytoskeletal proteins involved in cell migration","volume":"35","author":"Ura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3912","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.5943","article-title":"Identification of proteins with different abundance associated with cell migration and proliferation in leiomyoma interstitial fluid by proteomics","volume":"13","author":"Ura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2015.3827","article-title":"Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of the leiomyoma interstitial fluid reveals altered protein expression with a possible involvement in pathogenesis","volume":"33","author":"Ura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ura, B., Monasta, L., Arrigoni, G., Battisti, I., Licastro, D., Di Lorenzo, G., Romano, F., Aloisio, M., Peterlunger, I., and Stabile, G. (2019). Phosphoproteins Involved in the Inhibition of Apoptosis and in Cell Survival in the Leiomyoma. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8050691"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/4\/2076\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:18:56Z","timestamp":1760134736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/4\/2076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms23042076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23042076","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]}}}