{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:47:49Z","timestamp":1787028469501,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":238,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1194329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1194329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CSL Centenary Award","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is now well understood that the bone marrow (BM) compartment can sense systemic inflammatory signals and adapt through increased proliferation and lineage skewing. These coordinated and dynamic alterations in responding hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), as well as in cells of the bone marrow niche, are increasingly viewed as key contributors to the inflammatory response. Growth factors, cytokines, metabolites, microbial products, and other signals can cause dysregulation across the entire hematopoietic hierarchy, leading to lineage-skewing and even long-term functional adaptations in bone marrow progenitor cells. These alterations may play a central role in the chronicity of disease as well as the links between many common chronic disorders. The possible existence of a form of \u201cmemory\u201d in bone marrow progenitor cells is thought to contribute to innate immune responses via the generation of trained immunity (also called innate immune memory). These findings highlight how hematopoietic progenitors dynamically adapt to meet the demand for innate immune cells and how this adaptive response may be beneficial or detrimental depending on the context. In this review, we will discuss the role of bone marrow progenitor cells and their microenvironment in shaping the scope and scale of the immune response in health and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23042234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T20:25:45Z","timestamp":1645129545000},"page":"2234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Hematopoietic Progenitors and the Bone Marrow Niche Shape the Inflammatory Response and Contribute to Chronic Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yangsong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"},{"name":"Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"},{"name":"Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6803-3533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Fleetwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"},{"name":"Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25022","article-title":"From haematopoietic stem cells to complex differentiation landscapes","volume":"553","author":"Laurenti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2307\/3570877","article-title":"The radiation sensitivity of normal mouse bone marrow cells, determined by quantitative marrow transplantation into irradiated mice","volume":"13","author":"McCulloch","year":"1960","journal-title":"Radiat. 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