{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:18:06Z","timestamp":1781828286456,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-25-00457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-25-00457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atherosclerosis has been known in medicine for several centuries. As early as 1755, the Swedish anatomist Albrecht von Haller used the term \u201catheroma\u201d to describe vascular lesions. Atherosclerosis may originate from an unbalanced diet or bad habits, and is mainly found in developed countries. Clinical trials have been conducted to establish the causes of atherosclerosis, and also to develop treatments for this disease. However, prevention of the disease has always been better than treatment, so vaccination may be the key to saving thousands of lives. The creation of a vaccine may be directly related to the study of autoimmune processes occurring in the body, immunity. This review considers the issues related to the involvement of the immune response in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Modern concepts of atherogenesis, immune inflammation in atherosclerosis, and potential vaccine targets are also discussed. There is a particular focus on experimental and clinical data supporting the development of immune therapies to reduce cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T22:34:30Z","timestamp":1645569270000},"page":"2417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Vaccination against Atherosclerosis: Is It Real?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1516-1320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia V.","family":"Poznyak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9382-8338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeny E.","family":"Bezsonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Biology and General Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8 Izmailovsky Boulevard, 105043 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana V.","family":"Popkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.A. Nasonova Institute of Rheumatology, 34A Kashirskoye Shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonina V.","family":"Starodubova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2\/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3318-4681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander N.","family":"Orekhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638462","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1638462","article-title":"Recent Advances in the Development of Vaccines for Diabetes, Hypertension, and Atherosclerosis","volume":"2018","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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