{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T13:12:42Z","timestamp":1770901962199,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Centre, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2020\/01\/0\/NZ6\/00137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2020\/01\/0\/NZ6\/00137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Centre, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2020\/39\/B\/NZ1\/03054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2020\/39\/B\/NZ1\/03054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Centre, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2019\/33\/B\/ST4\/01422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2019\/33\/B\/ST4\/01422"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Centre, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2017\/25\/B\/NZ1\/02269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2017\/25\/B\/NZ1\/02269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIGMS","award":["R00GM112877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00GM112877"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIGMS","award":["R01GM133810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM133810"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza A virus (IAV) is a member of the single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) family of viruses. The most recent global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has shown the major threat that RNA viruses can pose to humanity. In comparison, influenza has an even higher pandemic potential as a result of its high rate of mutations within its relatively short (&lt;13 kbp) genome, as well as its capability to undergo genetic reassortment. In light of this threat, and the fact that RNA structure is connected to a broad range of known biological functions, deeper investigation of viral RNA (vRNA) structures is of high interest. Here, for the first time, we propose a secondary structure for segment 8 vRNA (vRNA8) of A\/California\/04\/2009 (H1N1) formed in the presence of cellular and viral components. This structure shows similarities with prior in vitro experiments. Additionally, we determined the location of several well-defined, conserved structural motifs of vRNA8 within IAV strains with possible functionality. These RNA motifs appear to fold independently of regional nucleoprotein (NP)-binding affinity, but a low or uneven distribution of NP in each motif region is noted. This research also highlights several accessible sites for oligonucleotide tools and small molecules in vRNA8 in a cellular environment that might be a target for influenza A virus inhibition on the RNA level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T22:54:02Z","timestamp":1645656842000},"page":"2452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Secondary Structure of Influenza A Virus Genomic Segment 8 RNA Folded in a Cellular Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7293-7183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Szutkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12\/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9084-4220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaudia","family":"Wieczorek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12\/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7644-0016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryszard","family":"Kierzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12\/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2012-7223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawel","family":"Zmora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12\/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jake M.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter N.","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Mathews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics and Center for RNA Biology, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 712, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5563-003X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elzbieta","family":"Kierzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12\/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2017.1365216","article-title":"Novel Influenza D virus: Epidemiology, pathology, evolution and biological characteristics","volume":"8","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mostafa, A., Abdelwhab, E.M., Mettenleiter, T.C., and Pleschka, S. 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