{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:08:12Z","timestamp":1787162892582,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K07747 and No. 21H02865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K07747 and No. 21H02865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"SHIONOGI &amp; Co., Ltd","award":["01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effectiveness of L- and D-amino acids for detecting the early stage of infection in bacterial imaging was compared. We evaluated the accumulation of 3H-L-methionine (Met), 3H-D-Met, 3H-L-alanine (Ala), and 3H-D-Ala in E. coli EC-14 and HaCaT cells. Biological distribution was assessed in control and lung-infection-model mice with EC-14 using 3H-L- and D-Met, and 18F-FDG. A maximum accumulation of 3H-L- and D-Met, and 3H-L- and D-Ala occurred in the growth phase of EC-14 in vitro. The accumulation of 3H-L-Met and L-Ala was greater than that of 3H-D-Met and D-Ala in both EC-14 and HaCaT cells. For all radiotracers, the accumulation was greater in EC-14 than in HaCaT cells at early time points. The accumulation was identified at 5 min after injection in EC-14, whereas the accumulation gradually increased in HaCaT cells over time. There was little difference in biodistribution between 3H-L-and D-Met except in the brain. 3H-L- and D-Met were sensitive for detecting areas of infection after the spread of bacteria throughout the body, whereas 18F-FDG mainly detected primary infection areas. Therefore, 11C-L- and D-Met, radioisotopes that differ only in terms of 3H labeling, could be superior to 18F-FDG for detecting bacterial infection in lung-infection-model mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T22:54:02Z","timestamp":1645656842000},"page":"2467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparison of L- and D-Amino Acids for Bacterial Imaging in Lung Infection Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yuka","family":"Muranaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asuka","family":"Mizutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5172-2626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masato","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koya","family":"Nakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miki","family":"Matsue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ishikawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 1-11, Taiyogaoka, Kanazawa 920-1154, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4919-7639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kodai","family":"Nishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radioisotope Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kana","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2096-4611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Nishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Shikano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 4669-2 Ami, Inashiki 300-0394, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9359-380X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigefumi","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan"},{"name":"Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan"},{"name":"Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji 910-1193, Fukui, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2019.10.017","article-title":"National trend of blood-stream infection attributable deaths caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in Japan","volume":"26","author":"Tsuzuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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