{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:03:34Z","timestamp":1792789414290,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2020YFA0113000, 2018YFA0109800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0113000, 2018YFA0109800"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Program of Shanghai","award":["20JC1412200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20JC1412200"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to aging of the world\u2019s population, stroke has become increasingly prevalent, leading to a rise in socioeconomic burden. In the recent past, stroke research and treatment have become key scientific issues that need urgent solutions, with a sharp focus on stem cell transplantation, which is known to treat neurodegenerative diseases related to traumatic brain injuries, such as stroke. Indeed, stem cell therapy has brought hope to many stroke patients, both in animal and clinical trials. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are most commonly utilized in biological medical research, due to their pluripotency and universality. MSCs are often obtained from adipose tissue and bone marrow, and transplanted via intravenous injection. Therefore, this review will discuss the therapeutic mechanisms of MSCs and extracellular vehicles (EVs) secreted by MSCs for stroke, such as in attenuating inflammation through immunomodulation, releasing trophic factors to promote therapeutic effects, inducing angiogenesis, promoting neurogenesis, reducing the infarct volume, and replacing damaged cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T10:00:40Z","timestamp":1645783240000},"page":"2550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Therapeutic Mechanisms for Stroke"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naijun","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanle","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxuan","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3852-6975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shibo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9875-5425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norouzi-Barough, L., Khosroshahi, A.A., Gorji, A., Zafari, F., Shahraki, M.S., and Shirian, S. 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