{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:51:58Z","timestamp":1791492718463,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preventing epileptogenesis in people at risk is an unmet medical need. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are promising targets for such therapy. However, drugs acting on mGluRs are not used in the clinic due to limited knowledge of the involvement of mGluRs in epileptogenesis. This study aimed to analyze the changes in gene expression of mGluR subtypes (1\u20135, 7, 8) in various rat brain regions in the latent and chronic phases of a lithium\u2013pilocarpine model of epilepsy. For this study, multiplex test systems were selected and optimized to analyze mGluR gene expression using RT-qPCR. Region- and phase-specific changes in expression were revealed. During the latent phase, mGluR5 mRNA levels were increased in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, and expression of group III genes was decreased in the hippocampus and temporal cortex, which could contribute to epileptogenesis. Most of the changes in expression detected in the latent stage were absent in the chronic stage, but mGluR8 mRNA production remained reduced in the hippocampus. Moreover, we found that gene expression of group II mGluRs was altered only in the chronic phase. The study deepened our understanding of the mechanisms of epileptogenesis and suggested that agonists of group III mGluRs are the most promising targets for preventing epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T08:37:16Z","timestamp":1646210236000},"page":"2752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Changes in Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Gene Expression in Rat Brain in a Lithium\u2013Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3790-2396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna A.","family":"Kovalenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Neural Interactions, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria V.","family":"Zakharova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Neural Interactions, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2707-1397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander P.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Neural Interactions, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra V.","family":"Dyomina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Neural Interactions, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga E.","family":"Zubareva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Neural Interactions, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4503-0647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksey V.","family":"Zaitsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Neural Interactions, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2009.03.003","article-title":"The descriptive epidemiology of epilepsy\u2014A review","volume":"85","author":"Banerjee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2019.107790","article-title":"Pharmacoresistance\u2014Epidemiology, mechanisms, and impact on epilepsy treatment","volume":"168","author":"Janmohamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2019.04.011","article-title":"The holy grail of epilepsy prevention: Preclinical approaches to antiepileptogenic treatments","volume":"167","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-007-0053-z","article-title":"The neurobiology of epilepsy","volume":"7","author":"Scharfman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. 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