{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T08:15:37Z","timestamp":1791965737893,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are both autoimmune inflammatory and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. NMOSD is a highly disabling disease and rapid introduction of the appropriate treatment at the acute phase is crucial to prevent sequelae. Specific criteria were established in 2015 and provide keys to distinguish NMOSD and MS. One of the most reliable criteria for NMOSD diagnosis is detection in patient\u2019s serum of an antibody that attacks the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP-4). Another target in NMOSD is myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), delineating a new spectrum of diseases called MOG-associated diseases. Lastly, patients with NMOSD can be negative for both AQP-4 and MOG antibodies. At disease onset, NMOSD symptoms are very similar to MS symptoms from a clinical and radiological perspective. Thus, at first episode, given the urgency of starting the anti-inflammatory treatment, there is an unmet need to differentiate NMOSD subtypes from MS. Here, we used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in combination with a machine learning algorithm with the aim of distinguishing the infrared signatures of sera of a first episode of NMOSD from those of a first episode of relapsing-remitting MS, as well as from those of healthy subjects and patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Our results showed that NMOSD patients were distinguished from MS patients and healthy subjects with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100%. We also discuss the distinction between the different NMOSD serostatuses. The coupling of infrared spectroscopy of sera to machine learning is a promising cost-effective, rapid and reliable differential diagnosis tool capable of helping to gain valuable time in patients\u2019 treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T09:24:53Z","timestamp":1646299493000},"page":"2791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Rapid Discrimination of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder and Multiple Sclerosis Using Machine Learning on Infrared Spectra of Sera"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1791-0142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youssef","family":"El Khoury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Spectroscopy, UMR 7140, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Gebelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Spectroscopy, UMR 7140, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"de S\u00e8ze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategies, INSERM U1119, Federation of Translational Medicine of Strasbourg, Universit\u00e9 of Strasbourg. 1, Rue Eug\u00e8ne Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Avenue Moli\u00e8re, 67200 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Patte-Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategies, INSERM U1119, Federation of Translational Medicine of Strasbourg, Universit\u00e9 of Strasbourg. 1, Rue Eug\u00e8ne Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1676-6708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilles","family":"Marcou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, UMR 7140, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1886-925X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Varnek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, UMR 7140, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4454-511X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayiko\u00e9-Guy","family":"Mensah-Nyagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategies, INSERM U1119, Federation of Translational Medicine of Strasbourg, Universit\u00e9 of Strasbourg. 1, Rue Eug\u00e8ne Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6294-5163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Hellwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Spectroscopy, UMR 7140, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3683-5582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Collongues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategies, INSERM U1119, Federation of Translational Medicine of Strasbourg, Universit\u00e9 of Strasbourg. 1, Rue Eug\u00e8ne Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Avenue Moli\u00e8re, 67200 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Addictology, Toxicology and Therapeutic, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000216139.44259.74","article-title":"Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis 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