{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:32:40Z","timestamp":1790728360821,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Kinase inhibitors (KIs) represent a growing class of drugs directed at various protein kinases and used in the treatment of both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. It is a heterogeneous group of compounds that are widely applied not only in different types of tumors but also in tumors that are positive for a specific predictive factor. This review summarizes common cardiotoxic effects of KIs, including hypertension, arrhythmias with bradycardia and QTc prolongation, and cardiomyopathy that can lead to heart failure, as well as less common effects such as fluid retention, ischemic heart disease, and elevated risk of thromboembolic events. The guidelines for cardiac monitoring and management of the most common cardiotoxic effects of protein KIs are discussed. Potential signaling pathways affected by KIs and likely contributing to cardiac damage are also described. Finally, the need for further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular toxicity of these drugs is indicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T20:38:16Z","timestamp":1646599096000},"page":"2815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Cardiotoxicity Induced by Protein Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6727-8926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Grela-Wojewoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krak\u00f3w Branch, Garncarska 11, 31-115 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6535-4841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Pacholczak-Madej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krak\u00f3w Branch, Garncarska 11, 31-115 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Adamczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumour Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krak\u00f3w Branch, Garncarska 11, 31-115 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Korman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2647-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miros\u0142awa","family":"P\u00fcsk\u00fcll\u00fco\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krak\u00f3w Branch, Garncarska 11, 31-115 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31937","article-title":"Estimating the Global Cancer Incidence and Mortalityin 2018: GLOBOCAN Sources and Methods","volume":"144","author":"Ferlay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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