{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:02:46Z","timestamp":1788469366931,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S\u2013MIP\u201319\u201357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S\u2013MIP\u201319\u201357"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) interrupts normal lung development, resulting in neonatal respiratory morbidity. Although post-PPROM risks have been researched, only a few studies have investigated noninvasively obtained amniotic fluid (AF) to predict neonatal outcomes. In this study, we aimed to determine whether epidermal growth factor (EGF) in vaginally-collected AF is a significant predictor of neonatal respiratory outcomes after PPROM. We analyzed EGF in vaginally-obtained AF from 145 women with PPROM at 22\u201334 weeks of gestation. The following neonatal outcomes were included: respiratory distress syndrome, surfactant need, duration and type of respiratory support, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We found that EGF concentration was associated with gestational age, and its medians were lower in neonates with respiratory morbidities than unaffected ones. EGF concentrations gradually declined, the lowest being in the most clinically ill patients. EGF &lt; 35 pg\/mL significantly predicted the odds of severe respiratory outcomes. EGF in noninvasively collected AF may be a reliable predictor for respiratory outcomes of preterm neonates with PPROM before 34 weeks of gestation. The results of our study may have implications for further research both in noninvasive amniotic fluid analysis and the management of patients after PPROM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23062978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T11:46:47Z","timestamp":1646912807000},"page":"2978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Significance of Epidermal Growth Factor in Noninvasively Obtained Amniotic Fluid Predicting Respiratory Outcomes of Preterm Neonates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Violeta","family":"Gulbiniene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K. Ciurlionio 21\/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Center of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariskiu 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6677-2383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greta","family":"Balciuniene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K. Ciurlionio 21\/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Center of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariskiu 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justina","family":"Petroniene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariskiu 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Viliene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08410 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irena","family":"Dumalakiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08410 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrida","family":"Pilypiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K. 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Ciurlionio 21\/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Center of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariskiu 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31593-8","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Causes of under-5 Mortality in 2000\u201315: An Updated Systematic Analysis with Implications for the Sustainable Development Goals","volume":"388","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4","article-title":"Epidemiology and Causes of Preterm Birth","volume":"371","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2020). 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