{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:52:51Z","timestamp":1790808771284,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI17\/02089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI17\/02089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18\/01338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/01338"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI20\/00678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI20\/00678"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 M\u00fatuaTerrassa","award":["EPIGENESIS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPIGENESIS"]}]},{"name":"La Marat\u00f3 de TV3","award":["EPIGENESIS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPIGENESIS"]}]},{"name":"Eranet-Neuron, European research grants","award":["iBioStroke project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["iBioStroke project"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001645","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SEDMAN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEDMAN"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pfizer (Spain)","award":["APHAS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APHAS"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003030","name":"Agency for Administration of University and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017SGR-1427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017SGR-1427"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Small vessel strokes (SVS) and intracerebral haemorrhages (ICH) are acute outcomes of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Genetic studies combining both phenotypes have identified three loci associated with both traits. However, the genetic cis-regulation at the protein level associated with SVD has not been studied before. We performed a proteome-wide association study (PWAS) using FUSION to integrate a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and brain proteomic data to discover the common mechanisms regulating both SVS and ICH. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dPFC) brain proteomes from the ROS\/MAP study (N = 376 subjects and 1443 proteins) and the summary statistics for the SVS GWAS from the MEGASTROKE study (N = 237,511) and multi-trait analysis of GWAS (MTAG)-ICH\u2013SVS from Chung et al. (N = 240,269) were selected. We performed PWAS and then a co-localization analysis with COLOC. The significant and nominal results were validated using a replication dPFC proteome (N = 152). The replicated results (q-value &lt; 0.05) were further investigated for the causality relationship using summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR). One protein (ICA1L) was significantly associated with SVS (z-score = \u22124.42 and p-value = 9.6 \u00d7 10\u22126) and non-lobar ICH (z-score = \u22124.8 and p-value = 1.58 \u00d7 10\u22126) in the discovery PWAS, with a high co-localization posterior probability of 4. In the validation PWAS, ICA1L remained significantly associated with both traits. The SMR results for ICA1L indicated a causal association of protein expression levels in the brain with SVS (p-value = 3.66 \u00d7 10\u22125) and non-lobar ICH (p-value = 1.81 \u00d7 10\u22125). Our results show that the association of ICA1L with SVS and non-lobar ICH is conditioned by the cis-regulation of its protein levels in the brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T03:34:13Z","timestamp":1647401653000},"page":"3161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["ICA1L Is Associated with Small Vessel Disease: A Proteome-Wide Association Study in Small Vessel Stroke and Intracerebral Haemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Natalia","family":"Cullell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari M\u00fatuaTerrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain"},{"name":"Fundacio Doc\u00e8ncia i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3229-5512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Gallego-F\u00e1brega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6949-0699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jara","family":"C\u00e1rcel-M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Mui\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7732-0665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laia","family":"Lluci\u00e0-Carol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8832-789X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miquel","family":"Lled\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0414-037X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas M.","family":"Mart\u00edn-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari M\u00fatuaTerrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari M\u00fatuaTerrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Almeria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari M\u00fatuaTerrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Cadenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari M\u00fatuaTerrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Krupinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari M\u00fatuaTerrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70104-6","article-title":"Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: From Pathogenesis and Clinical Characteristics to Therapeutic 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