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In this single site, retrospective study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 38 individuals living with ALS and 20 non-neurological controls (NNC) were investigated using flow cytometry to study active CD11b integrin classical (CM), intermediate (IM) and non-classical (NCM) monocytes during ALS progression. Seventeen ALS participants were sampled at the baseline (V1) and at two additional time points (V2 and V3) for longitudinal analysis. Active CD11b+ CM frequencies increased steeply between the baseline and V3 (ANOVA repeated measurement, p &lt; 0.001), and the V2\/V1 ratio negatively correlated with the disease progression rate, similar to higher frequencies of active CD11b+ NCM at the baseline (R = \u22120.6567; p = 0.0031 and R = 0.3862; p = 0.0168, respectively). CD11b NCM, clinical covariates and neurofilament light-chain plasma concentration at the baseline predicted shorter survival in a multivariable and univariate analysis (CD11b NCM\u2014HR: 1.05, CI: 1.01\u20131.11, p = 0.013. Log rank: above median: 43 months and below median: 21.22 months; p = 0.0022). Blood samples with the highest frequencies of active CD11b+ IM and NCM contained the lowest concentrations of soluble CD11b. Our preliminary data suggest that the levels of active CD11b+ monocytes and NCM in the blood predict different clinical outcomes in ALS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T13:24:59Z","timestamp":1647869099000},"page":"3370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Expression of Active CD11b Monocytes in Blood and Disease Progression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0590-049X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozlem","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK"},{"name":"Neuromuscular Department, Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Schroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK"},{"name":"Neuromuscular Department, Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Pucino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Inflammation and Aging, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoana","family":"Bobeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK"},{"name":"Neuromuscular Department, Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3184-9643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Schmierer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK"},{"name":"Clinical Board Medicine (Neuroscience), The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3736-0099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Inflammation and Aging, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Tree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sian","family":"Henson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Malaspina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK"},{"name":"Neuromuscular Department, Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302674","article-title":"Grey matter correlates of clinical variables in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): A neuroimaging study of ALS motor phenotype heterogeneity and cortical focality","volume":"84","author":"Bede","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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