{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T05:25:46Z","timestamp":1793165146128,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adenomyosis, endometriosis, endometritis, and typical endometrial hyperplasia are common non-cancerous diseases of the endometrium that afflict many women with life-impacting consequences. The mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway interacts with estrogen signaling and is known to be dysregulated in endometrial cancer. Based on this knowledge, we attempt to investigate the role of mTOR signaling in benign endometrial diseases while focusing on how the interplay between mTOR and eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) affects their development. In fact, mTOR overactivity is apparent in adenomyosis, endometriosis, and typical endometrial hyperplasia, where it promotes endometrial cell proliferation and invasiveness. Recent data show aberrant expression of various components of the mTOR pathway in both eutopic and ectopic endometrium of patients with adenomyosis or endometriosis and in hyperplastic endometrium as well. Moreover, studies on endometritis show that derangement of mTOR signaling is linked to the establishment of endometrial dysfunction caused by chronic inflammation. This review shows that inhibition of the mTOR pathway has a promising therapeutic effect in benign endometrial conditions, concluding that mTOR signaling dysregulation plays a critical part in their pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T14:55:35Z","timestamp":1647960935000},"page":"3416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The Role of mTOR and eIF Signaling in Benign Endometrial Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Tatiana S.","family":"Driva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8017-3400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Schatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1384-9487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Sobo\u010dan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"},{"name":"Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Barts CRUK Cancer Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Haybaeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"},{"name":"Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00361-w","article-title":"Origin and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Uterine Adenomyosis: What Is Known So Far","volume":"28","author":"Stratopoulou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. 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