{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T09:34:40Z","timestamp":1769247280395,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Combined AntiRetroviral Treatments (cARTs) used for HIV infection may result in varied metabolic complications, which in some cases, may be related to patient genetic factors, particularly microRNAs. The use of monozygotic twins, differing only for HIV infection, presents a unique and powerful model for the controlled analysis of potential alterations of miRNAs regulation consequent to cART treatment. Profiling of 2578 mature miRNA in the subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue and plasma of monozygotic twins was investigated by the GeneChip\u00ae miRNA 4.1 array. Real-time PCR and ddPCR experiments were performed in order to validate differentially expressed miRNAs. Target genes of deregulated miRNAs were predicted by the miRDB database (prediction score &gt; 70) and enrichment analysis was carried out with g:Profiler. Processes in SC adipose tissue most greatly affected by miRNA up-regulation included (i) macromolecular metabolic processes, (ii) regulation of neurogenesis, and (iii) protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, KEGG analysis revealed miRNA up-regulation involvement in (i) insulin signaling pathways, (ii) neurotrophin signaling pathways, and (iii) pancreatic cancer. By contrast, miRNA up-regulation in plasma was involved in (i) melanoma, (ii) p53 signaling pathways, and (iii) focal adhesion. Our findings suggest a mechanism that may increase the predisposition of HIV+ patients to insulin resistance and cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T12:20:25Z","timestamp":1648038025000},"page":"3486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["miRNA Expression Profiling in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Monozygotic Twins Discordant for HIV Infection: Validation of Differentially Expressed miRNA and Bioinformatic Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8247-276X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Bresciani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Squillace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Orsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Piolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Section, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3709-6574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Rizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0510-9083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Molteni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9734-1025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramona","family":"Meanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Soria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Lapadula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Bandera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano Foundation, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6587-4794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Gori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano Foundation, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7289-8823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Bonfanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert John","family":"Omeljaniuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4557-676X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Torsello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1339","article-title":"Adipose Tissue in HIV Infection","volume":"7","author":"Koeth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr. 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