{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T22:16:39Z","timestamp":1785190599006,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 31870432) and National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["31870432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31870432"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>17\u03b1-ethinylestradiol (17\u03b1-EE2) is frequently detected in water bodies due to its use being widespread in the treatment of prostate and breast cancer and in the control of alopecia, posing a threat to humans and aquatic organisms. However, studies on its toxicity to Chlorella pyrenoidosa have been limited to date. This study investigated the effects of 17\u03b1-EE2 on the growth, photosynthetic activity, and antioxidant system of C. pyrenoidosa and revealed related molecular changes using transcriptomic analysis. The cell density of algae was inhibited in the presence of 17\u03b1-EE2, and cell morphology was also altered. Photosynthetics were damaged, while reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased. Further transcriptomic analysis revealed that the pathways of photosynthesis and DNA replication were affected at three concentrations of 17\u03b1-EE2, but several specific pathways exhibited various behaviors at different concentrations. Significant changes in differentially expressed genes and their enrichment pathways showed that the low-concentration group was predominantly impaired in photosynthesis, while the higher-concentration groups were biased towards oxidative and DNA damage. This study provides a better understanding of the cellular and molecular variations of microalgae under 17\u03b1-EE2 exposure, contributing to the environmental risk assessment of such hazardous pollutants on aquatic organisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T15:31:21Z","timestamp":1648222281000},"page":"3583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Transcriptomic and Physiological Responses of Chlorella pyrenoidosa during Exposure to 17\u03b1-Ethinylestradiol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yurui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanyin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kejun","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanzhou","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pocock, T., and Falk, S. 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