{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T14:13:29Z","timestamp":1779891209930,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research grant from Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan.","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}]},{"name":"Research grant  from Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd. Japan.","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High myopia is a major cause of irreversible visual impairment globally. In the present study, we investigated the microRNA (miRNA) profile in the vitreous of macular hole (MH) and high myopic MH. We performed miRNA analysis using TaqMan\u00ae Low Density Arrays (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) to investigate the circulating vitreous miRNA profile from patients with MH (axial length &lt; 26.5 mm, n = 11) and high myopic MH (axial length \u2265 26.5 mm, n = 11) who underwent pars plana vitrectomy. The vitreous inflammatory cytokine signature was examined in high myopic MH eyes using a multiplex assay. A miRNA-Array analysis revealed that let-7c was significantly up-regulated and miR-200a was significantly down-regulated in high myopic MH eyes compared to those in MH eyes. The bioinformatics analysis for up-regulated miRNA targeted gene identified 23 pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and several inflammatory signaling pathways, whereas the bioinformatics analysis for down-regulated miRNA targeted genes showed 32 enriched pathways including phosphoinositide 3-kinase\/protein kinase B (PI3K\/AKT). The levels of inflammatory cytokines including IP-10, IFN-\u03b3, and MCP-1 were significantly higher in the vitreous of high myopic MH eyes. These results suggest that specific miRNAs expressed in the vitreous may be associated with the pathological condition of high myopic MH and the above mentioned miRNAs may contribute to the development of inflammatory status in the vitreous of high myopic eyes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T21:27:51Z","timestamp":1648416471000},"page":"3647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Circulating Vitreous microRNA as Possible Biomarker in High Myopic Eyes with Macular Hole"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yoshimasa","family":"Ando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Keino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunari","family":"Hirota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7003-5151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimihiko","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Koto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohito","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4913-7089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaru","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akito","family":"Hirakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60272-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"379","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2554","article-title":"Genome-wide meta-analyses of multiancestry cohorts identify multiple new susceptibility loci for refractive error and myopia","volume":"45","author":"Verhoeven","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. 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