{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T14:27:15Z","timestamp":1779114435887,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary","award":["EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00022"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary","award":["TKP2021-EGA-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-EGA-25"]}]},{"name":"Minisztereln\u00f6ks\u00e9g","award":["TAMOP 4.2.4.A\/2-11-1-2012-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TAMOP 4.2.4.A\/2-11-1-2012-0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mapping non-canonical cellular pathways affected by approved medications can accelerate drug repurposing efforts, which are crucial in situations with a global impact such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Fluoxetine and fluvoxamine are well-established and widely-used antidepressive agents that act as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI-s). Interestingly, these drugs have been reported earlier to act as lysosomotropic agents, inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase in the lysosomes, and as ligands of sigma-1 receptors, mechanisms that might be used to fight severe outcomes of COVID-19. In certain cases, these drugs were administered for selected COVID-19 patients because of their antidepressive effects, while in other cases, clinical studies were performed to assess the effect of these drugs on treating COVID-19 patients. Clinical studies produced promising data that encourage the further investigation of fluoxetine and fluvoxamine regarding their use in COVID-19. In this review, we summarize experimental data and the results of the performed clinical studies. We also provide an overview of previous knowledge on the tissue distribution of these drugs and by integrating this information with the published experimental results, we highlight the real opportunity of using these drugs in our fight against COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T21:22:14Z","timestamp":1648675334000},"page":"3812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Potential Role of the Antidepressants Fluoxetine and Fluvoxamine in the Treatment of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7959-5996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Mahdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem t\u00e9r 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Infectology Clinic, University of Debrecen Clinical Centre, Bart\u00f3k B\u00e9la \u00fat 2-26, 4031 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Levente","family":"Herm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1nos M.","family":"R\u00e9thelyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6163-7190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e1lint L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"B\u00e1lint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem t\u00e9r 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, T\u0171zolt\u00f3 utca 7-9, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, January 26). 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