{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:10:33Z","timestamp":1792188633900,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17-00-00106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-00-00106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Russian Ministry of Health","award":["\u0410\u0410\u0410\u0410-\u041019-119012590191-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u0410\u0410\u0410\u0410-\u041019-119012590191-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In vitro models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) help to elucidate the pathological mechanisms responsible for cell dysfunction and death. To simulate in vitro the mechanical brain trauma, primary neuroglial cultures were scratched during different periods of network formation. Fluorescence microscopy was used to measure changes in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and mitochondrial potential (\u0394\u03a8m) a few minutes later and on days 3 and 7 after scratching. An increase in [Ca2+]i and a decrease in \u0394\u03a8m were observed ~10 s after the injury in cells located no further than 150\u2013200 \u00b5m from the scratch border. Ca2+ entry into cells during mechanical damage of the primary neuroglial culture occurred predominantly through the NMDA-type glutamate ionotropic channels. MK801, an inhibitor of this type of glutamate receptor, prevented an acute increase in [Ca2+]i in 99% of neurons. Pathological changes in calcium homeostasis persisted in the primary neuroglial culture for one week after injury. Active cell migration in the scratch area occurred on day 11 after neurotrauma and was accompanied by a decrease in the ratio of live to dead cells in the areas adjacent to the injury. Immunohistochemical staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein and \u03b2-III tubulin showed that neuronal cells migrated to the injured area earlier than glial cells, but their repair potential was insufficient for survival. Mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and a drop in \u0394\u03a8m may cause delayed neuronal death and thus play a key role in the development of the post-traumatic syndrome. Preventing prolonged \u0394\u03a8m depolarization may be a promising therapeutic approach to improve neuronal survival after traumatic brain injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T21:34:29Z","timestamp":1648762469000},"page":"3858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Acute and Delayed Effects of Mechanical Injury on Calcium Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Potential of Primary Neuroglial Cell Culture: Potential Causal Contributions to Post-Traumatic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2797-3270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zanda","family":"Bakaeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology and Fundamentals of Brain Development, National Medical Research Center of Children\u2019s Health, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of General Biology and Physiology, Kalmyk State University Named after B.B. Gorodovikov, 358000 Elista, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Goncharov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9453-3040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Krasilnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology and Fundamentals of Brain Development, National Medical Research Center of Children\u2019s Health, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arina","family":"Zgodova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology and Fundamentals of Brain Development, National Medical Research Center of Children\u2019s Health, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"International School \u201cMedicine of the Future\u201d, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniil","family":"Frolov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Information Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Grebenik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7773-2435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Timashev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"World-Class Research Center \u201cDigital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare\u201d, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vsevolod","family":"Pinelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology and Fundamentals of Brain Development, National Medical Research Center of Children\u2019s Health, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Surin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology and Fundamentals of Brain Development, National Medical Research Center of Children\u2019s Health, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0000000000000506","article-title":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Mitochondrial Dysfunction","volume":"350","author":"Hiebert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. 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