{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:14:44Z","timestamp":1791458084529,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Asthma is a major driver of health care costs across ages. Despite widely disseminated asthma-treatment guidelines and a growing variety of effective therapeutic options, most patients still experience symptoms and\/or refractoriness to standard of care treatments. As a result, most patients undergo a further intensification of therapy to optimize symptom control with a subsequent increased risk of side effects. Raising awareness about the relevance of evaluating aeroallergen sensitizations in asthmatic patients is a key step in better informing clinical practice while new molecular tools, such as the component resolved diagnosis, may be of help in refining the relationship between sensitization and therapeutic recommendations. In addition, patient care should benefit from reliable, easy-to-measure and clinically accessible biomarkers that are able to predict outcome and disease monitoring. To attain a personalized asthma management and to guide adequate treatment decisions, it is of paramount importance to expand clinicians\u2019 knowledge about the tangled relationship between asthma and allergy from a molecular perspective. Our review explores the relevance of allergen testing along the asthma patient\u2019s journey, with a special focus on recurrent wheezing children. Here, we also discuss the unresolved issues regarding currently available biomarkers and summarize the evidence supporting the eosinophil-derived neurotoxin as promising biomarker.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T21:34:29Z","timestamp":1648762469000},"page":"3881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Asthma and Allergy: Unravelling a Tangled Relationship with a Focus on New Biomarkers and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0783-1988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Rodriguez del Rio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy, University Children\u2019s Hospital Nino Jes\u00fas, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew H.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breathing Institute, Section of Pediatric Pulmonary & Sleep Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80217, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus P.","family":"Borres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thermo Fisher Scientific, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"S\u00f6dergren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thermo Fisher Scientific, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Iachetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thermo Fisher Scientific, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas B.","family":"Casale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000262","article-title":"Epidemiology of asthma","volume":"24","author":"Loftus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. 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