{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T23:16:55Z","timestamp":1781306215390,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32070932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070932"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32170944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32170944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31770184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31770184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Project of The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China","award":["2020GG0233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020GG0233"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-18-CE18-0016-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-18-CE18-0016-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-10-LABX-0033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-0033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza virus is an acute and highly contagious respiratory pathogen that causes great concern to public health and for which there is a need for extensive drug discovery. The small chemical compound ABMA and its analog DABMA, containing an adamantane or a dimethyl-adamantane group, respectively, have been demonstrated to inhibit multiple toxins (diphtheria toxin, Clostridium difficile toxin B, Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin) and viruses (Ebola, rabies virus, HSV-2) by acting on the host\u2019s vesicle trafficking. Here, we showed that ABMA and DABMA have antiviral effects against both amantadine-sensitive influenza virus subtypes (H1N1 and H3N2), amantadine-resistant subtypes (H3N2), and influenza B virus with EC50 values ranging from 2.83 to 7.36 \u00b5M (ABMA) and 1.82 to 6.73 \u00b5M (DABMA), respectively. ABMA and DABMA inhibited the replication of influenza virus genomic RNA and protein synthesis by interfering with the entry stage of the virus. Molecular docking evaluation together with activity against amantadine-resistant influenza virus strains suggested that ABMA and DABMA were not acting as M2 ion channel blockers. Subsequently, we found that early internalized H1N1 virions were retained in accumulated late endosome compartments after ABMA treatment. Additionally, ABMA disrupted the early stages of the H1N1 life cycle or viral RNA synthesis by interfering with autophagy. ABMA and DABMA protected mice from an intranasal H1N1 challenge with an improved survival rate of 67%. The present study suggests that ABMA and DABMA are potential antiviral leads for the development of a host-directed treatment against influenza virus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T21:22:39Z","timestamp":1648848159000},"page":"3940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Antiviral Effects of ABMA and DABMA against Influenza Virus In Vitro and In Vivo via Regulating the Endolysosomal Pathway and Autophagy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hongtao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunlai","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8250-7571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement M\u00e9dicaments et Technologies pour la Sant\u00e9 (DMTS), CEA, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanshu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiemin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2187-4973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Barbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement M\u00e9dicaments et Technologies pour la Sant\u00e9 (DMTS), CEA, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5758-8077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Cintrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement M\u00e9dicaments et Technologies pour la Sant\u00e9 (DMTS), CEA, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0477-3599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Gillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement M\u00e9dicaments et Technologies pour la Sant\u00e9 (DMTS), CEA, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, 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