{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:38:43Z","timestamp":1790707123689,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":252,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Center in Poland","award":["UMO-2020\/37\/B\/NZ4\/03454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2020\/37\/B\/NZ4\/03454"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Both obesity and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) rates have increased sharply in the United States and Western Europe in recent years. EAC is a classic example of obesity-related cancer where the risk of EAC increases with increasing body mass index. Pathologically altered visceral fat in obesity appears to play a key role in this process. Visceral obesity may promote EAC by directly affecting gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett\u2019s esophagus (BE), as well as a less reflux-dependent effect, including the release of pro-inflammatory adipokines and insulin resistance. Deregulation of adipokine production, such as the shift to an increased amount of leptin relative to \u201cprotective\u201d adiponectin, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of BE and EAC. This review discusses not only the epidemiology and pathophysiology of obesity in BE and EAC, but also molecular alterations at the level of mRNA and proteins associated with these esophageal pathologies and the potential role of adipokines and myokines in these disorders. Particular attention is given to discussing the possible crosstalk of adipokines and myokines during exercise. It is concluded that lifestyle interventions to increase regular physical activity could be helpful as a promising strategy for preventing the development of BE and EAC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T21:22:39Z","timestamp":1648848159000},"page":"3942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Role of Obesity, Physical Exercise, Adipose Tissue-Skeletal Muscle Crosstalk and Molecular Advances in Barrett\u2019s Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2699-3798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Bilski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7627-9007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Pinkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3098-9617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dagmara","family":"Wojcik-Grzybek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0175-5600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Magierowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0750-5389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edyta","family":"Korbut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1056-8276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Mazur-Bialy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gracjana","family":"Krzysiek-Maczka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4806-8042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slawomir","family":"Kwiecien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4866-1102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Magierowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5805-0065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Brzozowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, J., Koulaouzidis, A., Marlicz, W., Lok, V., Chu, C., Ngai, C.H., Zhang, L., Chen, P., Wang, S., and Yuan, J. 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