{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T11:23:37Z","timestamp":1778153017757,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of vitamin D3 has been confirmed in female reproductive organs. This study aimed to examine vitamin D3 metabolic enzymes, i.e., CYP27B1 and CYP24A1, mRNA transcript and protein abundance, and protein localization in the uterus of pigs on days 2\u20135, 10\u201312, 15\u201316 and 18\u201320 of the estrous cycle. Additionally, we determined 1,25(OH)2D3 concentration in uterine flushings and the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 (10, 50 and 100 ng\/mL) in vitro on CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 mRNA transcript abundance in endometrial and myometrial slices. In the endometrium, a greater CYP27B1 mRNA transcript abundance was noted on days 10\u201312 and 18\u201320 than on days 15\u201316, whereas encoded protein abundance was greater on days 18\u201320 when compared to days 15\u201316. Endometrial CYP24A1 mRNA transcript abundance was greater on days 18\u201320 than on days 10\u201312 and 15\u201316. In the myometrium, CYP27B1 mRNA transcript abundance was greater on days 18\u201320 than on days 2\u20135 and 15\u201316, while protein abundance was larger in slices collected on days 18\u201320 than on days 15\u201316. Neither CYP24A1 mRNA transcript nor encoded protein abundance were detected in the myometrium. The highest 1,25(OH)2D3 concentration in uterine flushings was observed on days 18\u201320. Furthermore, the 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the abundance of the CYP24A1 mRNA transcript in endometrial slices. Overall, our results suggest that porcine uterus is an extra-renal site of vitamin D3 metabolism. Both the endometrium and the myometrium possess the ability to synthesize vitamin D3, while only the endometrium contributes to its catabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T02:59:52Z","timestamp":1648954792000},"page":"3972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Vitamin D3 Metabolic Enzymes in the Porcine Uterus: Expression, Localization and Autoregulation by 1,25(OH)2D3 In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2972-1755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Grzesiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0780-8881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinga","family":"Kaminska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Bodzioch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1328-0190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa M.","family":"Drzewiecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Franczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2796-9615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Knapczyk-Stwora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cermisoni, G.C., Alteri, A., Corti, L., Rabellotti, E., Papaleo, E., Vigan\u00f2, P., and Sanchez, A.M. 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