{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T10:44:59Z","timestamp":1775990699818,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAF2017-83351R,"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2017-83351R,"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2020-115371RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-115371RB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003339","name":"Spanish National Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201820E073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201820E073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rare Diseases (RD) are defined by their prevalence in less than 5 in 10,000 of the general population. Considered individually, each RD may seem insignificant, but together they add up to more than 7000 different diseases. Research in RD is not attractive for pharmaceutical companies since it is unlikely to recover development costs for medicines aimed to small numbers of patients. Since most of these diseases are life threatening, this fact underscores the urgent need for treatments. Drug repurposing consists of identifying new uses for approved drugs outside the scope of the original medical indication. It is an alternative option in drug development and represents a viable and risk-managed strategy to develop for RDs. In 2008, the \u201coff label\u201d therapeutic benefits of propranolol were described in the benign tumor Infantile Hemangioma. Propranolol, initially prescribed for high blood pressure, irregular heart rate, essential tremor, and anxiety, has, in the last decade, shown increasing evidence of its antiangiogenic, pro-apoptotic, vasoconstrictor and anti-inflammatory properties in different RDs, including vascular or oncological pathologies. This review highlights the finished and ongoing trials in which propranolol has arisen as a good repurposing drug for improving the health condition in RDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:23:11Z","timestamp":1649722991000},"page":"4217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Role of Propranolol as a Repurposed Drug in Rare Vascular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6596-9600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel M.","family":"Cuesta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERER, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Unidad 707, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eunate","family":"Gallardo-Vara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5924-6601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Casado-Vela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo, 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento  de Bioingenier\u00eda, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. de la Universidad, 30, 28911 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Recio-Poveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERER, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Unidad 707, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas Margaritas Salas, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6310-2245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa-Mar\u00eda","family":"Botella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERER, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Unidad 707, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas Margaritas Salas, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Albi\u00f1ana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERER, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Unidad 707, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas Margaritas Salas, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-019-00180-y","article-title":"How many rare diseases are there?","volume":"19","author":"Haendel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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