{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:14:43Z","timestamp":1791630883965,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and has a unique metastatic route using ascites, known as the transcoelomic root. However, studies on ascites and contained cellular components have not yet been sufficiently clarified. In this review, we focus on the significance of accumulating ascites, contained EOC cells in the form of spheroids, and interaction with non-malignant host cells. To become resistant against anoikis, EOC cells form spheroids in ascites, where epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition stimulated by transforming growth factor-\u03b2 can be a key pathway. As spheroids form, EOC cells are also gaining the ability to attach and invade the peritoneum to induce intraperitoneal metastasis, as well as resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests that EOC spheroids in ascites are composed of not only cancer cells, but also non-malignant cells existing with higher abundance than EOC cells in ascites, including macrophages, mesothelial cells, and lymphocytes. Moreover, hetero-cellular spheroids are demonstrated to form more aggregated spheroids and have higher adhesion ability for the mesothelial layer. To improve the poor prognosis, we need to elucidate the mechanisms of spheroid formation and interactions with non-malignant cells in ascites that are a unique tumor microenvironment for EOC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T04:21:28Z","timestamp":1650255688000},"page":"4383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Metastatic Voyage of Ovarian Cancer Cells in Ascites with the Assistance of Various Cellular Components"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7762-5039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaname","family":"Uno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223-62 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4596-2177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shohei","family":"Iyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"},{"name":"Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5811-3137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masato","family":"Yoshihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9691-4728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhisa","family":"Kitami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Mogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5659-1362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"},{"name":"Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Koya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Yamakita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"},{"name":"Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Nawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Kanayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3291-0274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0493-1825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kajiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.100105","article-title":"Ovarian Cancer Development and Metastasis","volume":"177","author":"Lengyel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1611","article-title":"Ovarian Cancer Metastasis: Integrating insights from disparate model organisms","volume":"5","author":"Naora","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002580","article-title":"Ovarian Cancer Prevention and Screening","volume":"131","author":"Menon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E359","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29210","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN","volume":"136","author":"Ferlay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4157","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI87252","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophages drive spheroid formation during early transcoelomic metastasis of ovarian cancer","volume":"126","author":"Yin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.11.032","article-title":"Multicellular spheroids in ovarian cancer metastases: Biology and pathology","volume":"113","author":"Shield","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qian, J., LeSavage, B.L., Hubka, K.M., Ma, C., Natarajan, S., Eggold, J.T., Xiao, Y., Fuh, K.C., Krishnan, V., and Enejder, A. (2021). Cancer-associated mesothelial cells promote ovarian cancer chemoresistance through paracrine osteopontin signaling. J. Clin. Investig., 131.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI146186"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70939-1","article-title":"Mechanisms of transcoelomic metastasis in ovarian cancer","volume":"7","author":"Tan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0637-x","article-title":"An evolving story of the metastatic voyage of ovarian cancer cells: Cellular and molecular orchestration of the adipose-rich metastatic microenvironment","volume":"38","author":"Motohara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.02.010","article-title":"Ovarian cancer screening: Current status and future directions","volume":"65","author":"Nash","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1438.2007.01035.x","article-title":"A randomized study of screening for ovarian cancer: A multicenter study in Japan","volume":"18","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21421","article-title":"Screening for ovarian cancer updated evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force","volume":"319","author":"Henderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA\u2014J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.13183","article-title":"Benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: A systematic review","volume":"314","author":"Myers","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA\u2014J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(06)60033-7","article-title":"Carcinoma of the Ovary","volume":"95","author":"Heintz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coleridge, S.L., Bryant, A., Kehoe, S., and Morrison, J. (2021). Chemotherapy versus surgery for initial treatment in advanced ovarian epithelial cancer. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2021.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005343.pub6"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.19.1684","article-title":"Evaluation of New Platinum-Based Treatment Regimens in Advanced-Stage Ovarian Cancer: A Phase III Trial of the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup","volume":"27","author":"Bookman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2018.05.020","article-title":"Response rates to second-line platinum-based therapy in ovarian cancer patients challenge the clinical definition of platinum resistance","volume":"150","author":"Lindemann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4978","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1315370110","article-title":"Ascites analysis by a microfluidic chip allows tumor-cell profiling","volume":"110","author":"Peterson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matte, I., Lane, D., Bachvarov, D., Rancourt, C., and Pich\u00e9, A. (2014). Role of malignant ascites on human mesothelial cells and their gene expression profiles. BMC Cancer, 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-14-288"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-2616","article-title":"Collagen remodeling in the hypoxic tumor- mesothelial niche promotes ovarian cancer metastasis","volume":"79","author":"Natarajan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(92)90186-Y","article-title":"Angiogenic effects of macrophages isolated from ascitic fluid aspirated from women with advanced ovarian cancer","volume":"62","author":"Sheid","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, Q., Yang, Z., Xu, S., Li, X., Yang, X., Jin, P., Liu, Y., Zhou, X., Zhang, T., and Gong, C. (2019). Correction: Heterotypic CAF-tumor spheroids promote early peritoneal metastatis of ovarian cancer. J. Exp. Med., 216.","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.2018076508222019c"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-016-9821-y","article-title":"Mesothelial cells interact with tumor cells for the formation of ovarian cancer multicellular spheroids in peritoneal effusions","volume":"33","author":"Matte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Metastasis"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2020.04.029","article-title":"Prognostic factors of overall survival for patients with FIGO stage IIIc or IVa ovarian cancer treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery: A multicenter cohort analysis from the FRANCOGYN study group","volume":"46","author":"Vincent","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. (EJSO)"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93718-3","article-title":"A large-scale multi-institutional study evaluating prognostic aspects of positive ascites cytology and effects of therapeutic interventions in epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"11","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"607","article-title":"Ovarian cancer stem cells","volume":"60","author":"Zeimet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4370","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-3993","article-title":"Licofelone Enhances the Efficacy of Paclitaxel in Ovarian Cancer by Reversing Drug Resistance and Tumor Stem-like Properties","volume":"78","author":"Hirst","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5953","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.13800","article-title":"Increased Immunosuppression Is Related to Increased Amounts of Ascites and Inferior Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer","volume":"39","author":"Coosemans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feigenberg, T., Clarke, B., Virtanen, C., Plotkin, A., Letarte, M., Rosen, B., Bernardini, M.Q., Kollara, A., Brown, T.J., and Murphy, K.J. (2014). Molecular Profiling and Clinical Outcome of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Presenting with Low- versus High-Volume Ascites. BioMed Res. Int., 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/367103"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mogi, K., Yoshihara, M., Iyoshi, S., Kitami, K., Uno, K., Tano, S., Koya, Y., Sugiyama, M., Yamakita, Y., and Nawa, A. (2021). Ovarian Cancer-Associated Mesothelial Cells: Transdifferentiation to Minions of Cancer and Orchestrate Developing Peritoneal Dissemination. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13061352"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-3415","article-title":"Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 7 Promotes Multicellular Aggregation via the \u03b15\u03b21Integrin Pathway and Paclitaxel Chemoresistance in Serous Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma","volume":"70","author":"Dong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moffitt, L., Karimnia, N., Stephens, A., and Bilandzic, M. (2019). Therapeutic Targeting of Collective Invasion in Ovarian Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061466"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rickard, B.P., Conrad, C., Sorrin, A.J., Ruhi, M.K., Reader, J.C., Huang, S.A., Franco, W., Scarcelli, G., Polacheck, W.J., and Roque, D.M. (2021). Malignant Ascites in Ovarian Cancer: Cellular, Acellular, and Biophysical Determinants of Molecular Characteristics and Therapy Response. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13174318"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3432","article-title":"Meeting the challenge of ascites in ovarian cancer: New avenues for therapy and research","volume":"13","author":"Kipps","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-0875-x","article-title":"The untapped potential of ascites in ovarian cancer research and treatment","volume":"123","author":"Ford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12987","article-title":"Ascites modulates cancer cell behavior, contributing to tumor heterogeneity in ovarian cancer","volume":"107","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2013.41","article-title":"A three-dimensional microenvironment alters protein expression and chemosensitivity of epithelial ovarian cancer cells in vitro","volume":"93","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24627","article-title":"Restriction of cisplatin induction of acute apoptosis to a subpopulation of cells in a three-dimensional carcinoma culture model","volume":"125","author":"Fayad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13021","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M709698200","article-title":"Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Contributes to the Acquired Apoptotic Resistance of Human Mesothelioma Multicellular Spheroids","volume":"283","author":"Barbone","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2020.12.024","article-title":"Exploring the clinical value of tumor microenvironment in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer","volume":"77","author":"Ghoneum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoshihara, M., Yamakita, Y., Kajiyama, H., Senga, T., Koya, Y., Yamashita, M., Nawa, A., and Kikkawa, F. (2020). Filopodia play an important role in the trans-mesothelial migration of ovarian cancer cells. Exp. Cell Res., 392.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2020.112011"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0b013e32835b6371","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 signaling and epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition in cancer progression","volume":"25","author":"Katsuno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abd, M.A., Aziz, E., Agarwal, K., Dasari, S., and Mitra, A.K. (2019). Productive Cross-Talk with the Microenvironment: A critical step in ovarian cancer metastasis. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11101608"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S., Kang, N., Kim, B., Park, C., and Kim, Y. (2018). P2.03-16 TGF-\u03b2 Induced EMT and Stemness Characteristics are Associated with Epigenetic Regulation in Lung Cancer. J. Thorac. Oncol., 13.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.08.1203"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25961","article-title":"The activated transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway in peritoneal metastases is a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer","volume":"130","author":"Yamamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forte, E., Chimenti, I., Rosa, P., Angelini, F., Pagano, F., Calogero, A., Giacomello, A., and Messina, E. (2017). EMT\/MET at the Crossroad of Stemness, Regeneration and Oncogenesis: The Ying-Yang Equilibrium Recapitulated in Cell Spheroids. Cancers, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers9080098"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0317-x","article-title":"Multicellular detachment generates metastatic spheroids during intra-abdominal dissemination in epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"37","author":"Kalos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1974","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1216989110","article-title":"Flow induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cellular heterogeneity and biomarker modulation in 3D ovarian cancer nodules","volume":"110","author":"Rizvi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2011.429","article-title":"Tissue transglutaminase links TGF-\u03b2, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and a stem cell phenotype in ovarian cancer","volume":"31","author":"Cao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"179","article-title":"Epithelial ovarian cancer stem-like cells are resistant to the cellular lysis of cytokine-induced killer cells via HIF1A-mediated downregulation of ICAM-1","volume":"55","author":"Bu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2020.1805552","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 is associated with poor prognosis and promotes osteosarcoma progression via PI3K\/Akt pathway activation","volume":"19","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16953","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.27.16953","article-title":"E-cadherin Regulates Anchorage-independent Growth and Survival in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells","volume":"273","author":"Kantak","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5554","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-3717","article-title":"Peritoneal Spread of Ovarian Cancer Harbors Therapeutic Vulnerabilities Regulated by FOXM1 and EGFR\/ERBB2 Signaling","volume":"80","author":"Parashar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casagrande, N., Borghese, C., Agostini, F., Durante, C., Mazzucato, M., Colombatti, A., and Aldinucci, D. (2021). In Ovarian Cancer Multicellular Spheroids, Platelet Releasate Promotes Growth, Expansion of ALDH+ and CD133+ Cancer Stem Cells, and Protection against the Cytotoxic Effects of Cisplatin, Carboplatin and Paclitaxel. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063019"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-0865-z","article-title":"Ascites-derived ALDH+CD44+ tumour cell subsets endow stemness, metastasis and metabolic switch via PDK4-mediated STAT3\/AKT\/NF-\u03baB\/IL-8 signalling in ovarian cancer","volume":"123","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13018","article-title":"Characterization of TP53 and PI3K signaling pathways as molecular targets in gynecologic malignancies","volume":"42","author":"Oda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Cancer Genom Atlas Research Network, Bell, D., Berchuck, A., Birrer,  M., Chien, J., Cramer, D.W., Dao, F., Dhir, R., DiSaia, P., and Gabra, H. (2011). Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma. Nature, 474, 609\u2013615.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10166"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4230","article-title":"Distinct evolutionary trajectories of primary high-grade serous ovarian cancers revealed through spatial mutational profiling","volume":"231","author":"Bashashati","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nath, A., Cosgrove, P.A., Mirsafian, H., Christie, E.L., Pflieger, L., Copeland, B., Majumdar, S., Cristea, M.C., Han, E.S., and Lee, S.J. (2021). Evolution of core archetypal phenotypes in progressive high grade serous ovarian cancer. Nat. Commun., 12.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23171-3"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2013.10.013","article-title":"Transformation of the Fallopian Tube Secretory Epithelium Leads to High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer in Brca;Tp53;Pten Models","volume":"24","author":"Perets","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.034","article-title":"Mouse Ovarian Cancer Models Recapitulate the Human Tumor Microenvironment and Patient Response to Treatment","volume":"30","author":"Maniati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dean, M., Jin, V., Bergsten, T.M., Austin, J., Lantvit, D.D., Russo, A., and Burdette, J.E. (2019). Loss of PTEN in Fallopian Tube Epithelium Results in Multicellular Tumor Spheroid Formation and Metastasis to the Ovary. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11060884"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2013.2446","article-title":"Tumor suppressor genes associated with drug resistance in ovarian cancer (Review)","volume":"30","author":"Yin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14410","article-title":"Whole\u2013genome characterization of chemoresistant ovarian cancer","volume":"521","author":"Patch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1814027116","article-title":"Mutational landscape of primary, metastatic, and recurrent ovarian cancer reveals c-MYC gains as potential target for BET inhibitors","volume":"116","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12749","article-title":"Upregulation of mesothelial genes in ovarian carcinoma cells is associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome and the promotion of cancer cell adhesion","volume":"14","author":"Ojasalu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4819","article-title":"Intraindividual genomic heterogeneity of high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary and clinical utility of ascitic cancer cells for mutation profiling","volume":"241","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12845","article-title":"Constitutive activation of integrin \u03b1v\u03b23 contributes to anoikis resistance of ovarian cancer cells","volume":"15","author":"Dolinschek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-019-1097-7","article-title":"Context-dependent activation of SIRT3 is necessary for anchorage-independent survival and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shield, K., Riley, C., Quinn, M.A., Rice, G.E., Ackland, M.L., and Ahmed, N. (2007). \u03b12\u03b21 integrin affects metastatic potential of ovarian carcinoma spheroids by supporting disaggregation and proteolysis. J. Carcinog., 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-3163-6-11"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2014.264","article-title":"Anoikis resistance is a critical feature of highly aggressive ovarian cancer cells","volume":"34","author":"Cai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-1115","article-title":"The STAT3-miRNA-92-Wnt Signaling Pathway Regulates Spheroid Formation and Malignant Progression in Ovarian Cancer","volume":"77","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.101","article-title":"Elevated CDCP1 predicts poor patient outcome and mediates ovarian clear cell carcinoma by promoting tumor spheroid formation, cell migration and chemoresistance","volume":"35","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2006.05.017","article-title":"Autocrine production of TGF-\u03b2 confers resistance to apoptosis after an epithelial-mesenchymal transition process in hepatocytes: Role of EGF receptor ligands","volume":"312","author":"Murillo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2018.10.027","article-title":"PAI-1 secreted from metastatic ovarian cancer cells triggers the tumor-promoting role of the mesothelium in a feedback loop to accelerate peritoneal dissemination","volume":"442","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5840","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2017.171","article-title":"Cadherin composition and multicellular aggregate invasion in organotypic models of epithelial ovarian cancer intraperitoneal metastasis","volume":"36","author":"Klymenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9717","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14206","article-title":"The expression of Nectin-4 on the surface of ovarian cancer cells alters their ability to adhere, migrate, aggregate, and proliferate","volume":"8","author":"Boylan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-004-5768-5","article-title":"Ovarian carcinoma spheroids disaggregate on type I collagen and invade live human mesothelial cell monolayers","volume":"21","author":"Burleson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Metastasis"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-010-1147-x","article-title":"The TGF-\u03b2\/Smad pathway induces breast cancer cell invasion through the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 in a spheroid invasion model system","volume":"128","author":"Wiercinska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33770","article-title":"Pro-tumoral behavior of omental adipocyte-derived fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment at the metastatic site of ovarian cancer","volume":"149","author":"Iyoshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai, L., Song, K., and Di, W. (2020). Adipocytes: Active facilitators in epithelial ovarian cancer progression?. J. Ovarian Res., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-020-00718-4"},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"2388","article-title":"Abrogation of taxol-induced G2-M arrest and apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells grown as multicellular tumor spheroids","volume":"57","author":"Frankel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"878","article-title":"Limited penetration of anticancer drugs through tumor tissue: A potential cause of resistance of solid tumors to chemotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Tannock","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.12.002","article-title":"An Embryonic Diapause-like Adaptation with Suppressed Myc Activity Enables Tumor Treatment Persistence","volume":"39","author":"Dhimolea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2010.01.012","article-title":"Multicellular tumor spheroids: An underestimated tool is catching up again","volume":"148","author":"Hirschhaeuser","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.7b00069","article-title":"Comparative Study of Multicellular Tumor Spheroid Formation Methods and Implications for Drug Screening","volume":"4","author":"Gencoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5376","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-3590","article-title":"Patient-Derived Cancer Organoid Cultures to Predict Sensitivity to Chemotherapy and Radiation","volume":"25","author":"Pasch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13155","article-title":"Tumor-derived spheroids: Relevance to cancer stem cells and clinical applications","volume":"108","author":"Ishiguro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2020.07.004","article-title":"Indirect co-culture of lung carcinoma cells with hyperthermia-treated mesenchymal stem cells influences tumor spheroid growth in a collagen-based 3-dimensional microfluidic model","volume":"23","author":"Dhiman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao, J., Qian, F., Tchabo, N., Mhawech-Fauceglia, P., Beck, A., Qian, Z., Wang, X., Huss, W.J., Lele, S.B., and Morrison, C.D. (2014). Ovarian Cancer Spheroid Cells with Stem Cell-Like Properties Contribute to Tumor Generation, Metastasis and Chemotherapy Resistance through Hypoxia-Resistant Metabolism. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084941"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raghavan, S., Mehta, P., Xie, Y., Lei, Y.L., and Mehta, G. (2019). Ovarian cancer stem cells and macrophages reciprocally interact through the WNT pathway to promote pro-tumoral and malignant phenotypes in 3D engineered microenvironments. J. Immunother. Cancer, 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0666-1"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S187015","article-title":"Reversing platinum resistance in ovarian cancer multicellular spheroids by targeting Bcl-2","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boylan, K.L., Manion, R.D., Shah, H., Skubitz, K.M., and Skubitz, A.P.N. (2020). Inhibition of Ovarian Cancer Cell Spheroid Formation by Synthetic Peptides Derived from Nectin-4. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21134637"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u2019Esp\u00e9rance, S., Bachvarova, M., T\u00eatu, B., Mes-Masson, A.-M., and Bachvarov, D. (2008). Global gene expression analysis of early response to chemotherapy treatment in ovarian cancer spheroids. BMC Genom., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-99"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171385","article-title":"Itraconazole targets cell cycle heterogeneity in colorectal cancer","volume":"215","author":"Buczacki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2014.06.002","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the peritoneum","volume":"23","author":"Blackburn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.09.005","article-title":"Mesothelial cells and peritoneal homeostasis","volume":"106","author":"Mutsaers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14284","article-title":"Review article: The diagnostic approach and current management of chylous ascites","volume":"46","author":"Lizaola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2016.11.004","article-title":"The histophysiology and pathophysiology of the peritoneum","volume":"49","author":"Nieuwland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.20071","article-title":"The use of immunohistochemistry to distinguish reactive mesothelial cells from malignant mesothelioma in cytologic effusions","volume":"118","author":"Hasteh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22874","article-title":"Use of a novel 3D culture model to elucidate the role of mesothelial cells, fibroblasts and extra-cellular matrices on adhesion and invasion of ovarian cancer cells to the omentum","volume":"121","author":"Kenny","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watters, K.M., Bajwa, P., and Kenny, H.A. (2018). Organotypic 3D Models of the Ovarian Cancer Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10080265"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5047","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1741","article-title":"Role of tumor microenvironment in the pathobiology of ovarian cancer: Insights and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"7","author":"Ghoneum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"335","article-title":"Organotypic Models of Metastasis: A 3 Dimensional Culture Mimicking the Human Peritoneum and Omentum for the Study of the Early Steps of Ovarian Cancer Metastasis","volume":"149","author":"Krausz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Res."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2014.246","article-title":"Tks5 activation in mesothelial cells creates invasion front of peritoneal carcinomatosis","volume":"34","author":"Satoyoshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.5858\/133.5.739","article-title":"Challenges in the interpretation of peritoneal cytologic specimens","volume":"133","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pai, R.R., Shenoy, K.D., Minal, J., Suresh, P.K., Chakraborti, S., and Lobo, F.D. (2019). Use of the term atypical cells in the reporting of ascitic fluid cytology: A caveat. Cytojournal, 16.","DOI":"10.4103\/cytojournal.cytojournal_37_18"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartoschek, M., Oskolkov, N., Bocci, M., L\u00f6vrot, J., Larsson, C., Sommarin, M., Madsen, C.D., Lindgren, D., Pekar, G., and Karlsson, G. (2018). Spatially and functionally distinct subclasses of breast cancer-associated fibroblasts revealed by single cell RNA sequencing. Nat. Commun., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07582-3"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagai, H., Chew, S.H., Okazaki, Y., Funahashi, S., Namba, T., Kato, T., Enomoto, A., Jiang, L., Akatsuka, S., and Toyokuni, S. (2013). Metamorphosis of mesothelial cells with active horizontal motility in tissue culture. Sci. Rep., 3.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01144"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2922","article-title":"Visceral and subcutaneous fat have different origins and evidence supports a mesothelial source","volume":"16","author":"Chau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.078907","article-title":"Phagocytosis of dying tumor cells by human peritoneal mesothelial cells","volume":"124","author":"Wagner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.20788","article-title":"Diagnosing mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children using fine needle aspiration biopsy: Cytomorphology, ZN staining and autofluorescence\u2014Making more of less","volume":"36","author":"Wright","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diagn. Cytopathol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2010.134","article-title":"Immunocytochemistry of CD146 is useful to discriminate between malignant pleural mesothelioma and reactive mesothelium","volume":"23","author":"Sato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32854","article-title":"Ovarian cancer-associated mesothelial cells induce acquired platinum-resistance in peritoneal metastasis via the FN1\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"146","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4281","article-title":"Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts derive from mesothelial cells via mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in peritoneal metastasis","volume":"231","author":"Sandoval","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4889","article-title":"Mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition as a possible therapeutic target in peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer","volume":"242","author":"Cristobal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001710","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus induces caspase-independent cell death in human peritoneal mesothelial cells","volume":"70","author":"Wagner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1636908","article-title":"Migratory neighbors and distant invaders: Tumor-associated niche cells","volume":"22","author":"Wels","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_119","first-page":"566","article-title":"Profiling of cytokines in human epithelial ovarian cancer ascites","volume":"2","author":"Matte","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1143","article-title":"The emerging role of lysophosphatidic acid in cancer","volume":"3","author":"Mills","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.06.023","article-title":"Ovarian cancer ascites-derived vitronectin and fibronectin: Combined purification, molecular features and effects on cell response","volume":"1830","author":"Carduner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., and Wang, X. (2017). The emerging roles and therapeutic potential of exosomes in epithelial ovarian cancer. Mol. Cancer, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-017-0659-y"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2017.5697","article-title":"Exosomes derived from hypoxic epithelial ovarian cancer deliver microRNA-940 to induce macrophage M2 polarization","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yokoi, A., Yoshioka, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Ishikawa, M., Ikeda, S.I., Kato, T., Kiyono, T., Takeshita, F., Kajiyama, H., and Kikkawa, F. (2017). Malignant extracellular vesicles carrying MMP1 mRNA facilitate peritoneal dissemination in ovarian cancer. Nat. Commun., 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14470"},{"key":"ref_125","first-page":"2245","article-title":"Tumor cell-fibroblast heterotypic aggregates in malignant ascites of patients with ovarian cancer","volume":"44","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6105","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-1808-1","article-title":"Tumor-associated mesothelial cells are negative prognostic factors in gastric cancer and promote peritoneal dissemination of adherent gastric cancer cells by chemotaxis","volume":"35","author":"Miao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.115.7.1383","article-title":"Evidence for incorporation of free-floating mesothelial cells as a mechanism of serosal healing","volume":"115","author":"Herrick","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"2105","article-title":"Mesothelial cells facilitate cancer stem-like properties in spheroids of ovarian cancer cells","volume":"40","author":"Shishido","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2004.11.011","article-title":"The utility of calretinin, inhibin, and WT1 immunohistochemical staining in the differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors","volume":"36","author":"Cathro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200211000-00010","article-title":"Calretinin, a more sensitive but less specific marker than \u03b1-inhibin for ovarian sex cord-stromal neoplasms: An immunohistochemical study of 215 cases","volume":"26","author":"Kurman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2008.126","article-title":"In vitro spheroid model of placental vasculogenesis: Does it work?","volume":"89","author":"Baal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"139","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Culture Systems in Cancer Research: Focus on Tumor Spheroid Model Sritama","volume":"176","author":"Devi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shao, H., Moller, M., Wang, D., Ting, A., Boulina, M., and Liu, Z.-J. (2020). A Novel Stromal Fibroblast-Modulated 3D Tumor Spheroid Model for Studying Tumor-Stroma Interaction and Drug Discovery. J. Vis. Exp., 156.","DOI":"10.3791\/60660"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amann, A., Zwierzina, M., Gamerith, G., Bitsche, M., Huber, J.M., Vogel, G.F., Blumer, M., Koeck, S., Pechriggl, E.J., and Kelm, J.M. (2014). Development of an Innovative 3D Cell Culture System to Study Tumour\u2014Stroma Interactions in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092511"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-007-0455-x","article-title":"Possible involvement of SDF-1\u03b1\/CXCR4-DPPIV axis in TGF-\u03b21-induced enhancement of migratory potential in human peritoneal mesothelial cells","volume":"330","author":"Kajiyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2022.03.003","article-title":"Peritoneal Restoration by Repurposing Vitamin D Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Dissemination via Blockade of the TGF-\u03b21\/Thrombospondin-1 Axis","volume":"109","author":"Kitami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ogx.0000206353.22975.c5","article-title":"Intraperitoneal cisplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer: Commentary","volume":"61","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Surv."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01568","article-title":"Randomized Trial of Intravenous Versus Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Plus Bevacizumab in Advanced Ovarian Carcinoma: An NRG Oncology\/Gynecologic Oncology Group Study","volume":"37","author":"Walker","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.24813","article-title":"Clinical studies in CRS and HIPEC: Trials, tribulations, and future directions-A systematic review","volume":"117","author":"Morano","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14391","article-title":"Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for gynecological cancer","volume":"46","author":"Tsuyoshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2016.49","article-title":"Intraperitoneal immunotherapy: Historical perspectives and modern therapy","volume":"23","author":"Morano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1039\/C4MT00131A","article-title":"Complementarity of MALDI and LA ICP mass spectrometry for platinum anticancer imaging in human tumor","volume":"6","author":"Bianga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metallomics"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/8\/4383\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:54:52Z","timestamp":1760136892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/8\/4383"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"references-count":142,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms23084383"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23084383","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]}}}