{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T17:03:17Z","timestamp":1789750997855,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":272,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]],"date-time":"2022-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH\/NIMH R01MH124351\/NH\/NIH HHS\/United States"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH\/NIMH R01MH124351\/NH\/NIH HHS\/United States"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES031823\/NH\/NIH HHS\/United States"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES031823\/NH\/NIH HHS\/United States"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glycogen synthase kinase 3\u03b2 (GSK3) is a multifaceted serine\/threonine (S\/T) kinase expressed in all eukaryotic cells. GSK3\u03b2 is highly enriched in neurons in the central nervous system where it acts as a central hub for intracellular signaling downstream of receptors critical for neuronal function. Unlike other kinases, GSK3\u03b2 is constitutively active, and its modulation mainly involves inhibition via upstream regulatory pathways rather than increased activation. Through an intricate converging signaling system, a fine-tuned balance of active and inactive GSK3\u03b2 acts as a central point for the phosphorylation of numerous primed and unprimed substrates. Although the full range of molecular targets is still unknown, recent results show that voltage-gated ion channels are among the downstream targets of GSK3\u03b2. Here, we discuss the direct and indirect mechanisms by which GSK3\u03b2 phosphorylates voltage-gated Na+ channels (Nav1.2 and Nav1.6) and voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv4 and Kv7) and their physiological effects on intrinsic excitability, neuronal plasticity, and behavior. We also present evidence for how unbalanced GSK3\u03b2 activity can lead to maladaptive plasticity that ultimately renders neuronal circuitry more vulnerable, increasing the risk for developing neuropsychiatric disorders. In conclusion, GSK3\u03b2-dependent modulation of voltage-gated ion channels may serve as an important pharmacological target for neurotherapeutic development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T04:21:28Z","timestamp":1650255688000},"page":"4413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3: Ion Channels, Plasticity, and Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mate","family":"Marosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parsa","family":"Arman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Aceto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00168 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0073-412X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"D\u2019Ascenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00168 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1141-1852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Laezza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"},{"name":"Center for Addiction Research, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"519","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase-3 from rabbit skeletal muscle. Separation from cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase and phosphorylase kinase","volume":"107","author":"Embi","year":"1980","journal-title":"JBIC J. Biol. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"529","article-title":"Glycogen synthase from rabbit skeletal muscle. Amino acid sequence at the sites phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3, and extension of the N-terminal sequence containing the site phosphorylated by phosphorylase kinase","volume":"107","author":"Rylatt","year":"1980","journal-title":"JBIC J. Biol. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14042","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47901-X","article-title":"Formation of protein kinase recognition sites by covalent modification of the substrate. Molecular mechanism for the synergistic action of casein kinase II and glycogen synthase kinase 3","volume":"262","author":"Fiol","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)71332-3","article-title":"Synergistic phosphorylation and activation of ATP-Mg-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase by F A\/GSK-3 and casein kinase II (PC0.7)","volume":"259","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(88)90089-6","article-title":"Phosphoserine as a recognition determinant for glycogen synthase kinase-3: Phosphorylation of a synthetic peptide based on the G-component of protein phosphatase-1","volume":"267","author":"Fiol","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2961","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.4.12.2168324","article-title":"Control of glycogen synthase by hierarchal protein phosphorylation","volume":"4","author":"Roach","year":"1990","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffmeister, L., Diekmann, M., Brand, K., and Huber, R. (2020). GSK3: A Kinase Balancing Promotion and Resolution of Inflammation. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040820"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00384","article-title":"GSK-3: Tricks of the trade for a multi-tasking kinase","volume":"116","author":"Doble","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07419.x","article-title":"Molecular cloning and expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3\/factor A","volume":"9","author":"Woodgett","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4209475","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4209475","article-title":"GSK-3\u03b2 at the Intersection of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurodegeneration","volume":"2019","author":"Jaworski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2960015","article-title":"Inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2 by phosphorylation: New kinase connections in insulin and growth-factor signalling","volume":"296","author":"Sutherland","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(01)00011-9","article-title":"The multifaceted roles of glycogen synthase kinase 3\u03b2 in cellular signaling","volume":"65","author":"Grimes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/378785a0","article-title":"Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by insulin mediated by protein kinase B","volume":"378","author":"Cross","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/35096075","article-title":"The renaissance of GSK3","volume":"2","author":"Cohen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)00253-2","article-title":"A Common Phosphate Binding Site Explains the Unique Substrate Specificity of GSK3 and Its Inactivation by Phosphorylation","volume":"7","author":"Frame","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11960","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.220413597","article-title":"Phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 by protein kinase A","volume":"97","author":"Fang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2003.12.004","article-title":"The glamour and gloom of glycogen synthase kinase-3","volume":"29","author":"Jope","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01998","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.01998","article-title":"Structural basis of GSK-3 inhibition by N-terminal phosphorylation and by the Wnt receptor LRP6","volume":"3","author":"Stamos","year":"2014","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2014.11.016","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3): Regulation, actions, and diseases","volume":"148","author":"Beurel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01243-z","article-title":"GSK-3: A multifaceted player in acute leukemias","volume":"35","author":"Martelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05715.x","article-title":"Modulation of the glycogen synthase kinase-3 family by tyrosine phosphorylation","volume":"12","author":"Hughes","year":"1993","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14566","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36661-9","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta is a dual specificity kinase differentially regulated by tyrosine and serine\/threonine phosphorylation","volume":"269","author":"Wang","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg068","article-title":"Structural basis for recruitment of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta to the axin-APC scaffold complex","volume":"22","author":"Dajani","year":"2003","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00374-9","article-title":"Crystal Structure of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3\u03b2: Structural Basis for Phosphate-Primed Substrate Specificity and Autoinhibition","volume":"105","author":"Dajani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"593","article-title":"Structure of GSK3beta reveals a primed phosphorylation mechanism","volume":"8","author":"Coll","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505607","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/505607","article-title":"What Are the bona fideGSK3 Substrates?","volume":"2011","author":"Sutherland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11074","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.190297597","article-title":"Regulation and localization of tyrosine 216 phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2 in cellular and animal models of neuronal degeneration","volume":"97","author":"Bhat","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0720576.x","article-title":"Insulin Transiently Increases Tau Phosphorylation: Involvement of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and Fyn tyrosine kinase","volume":"72","author":"Lesort","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4986","article-title":"Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3\u03b2 Is Tyrosine Phosphorylated by PYK2","volume":"284","author":"Hartigan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52432","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M310982200","article-title":"Phospholipase C-independent Activation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3\u03b2 and C-terminal Src Kinase by G\u03b1q","volume":"278","author":"Fan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20031259","article-title":"Further evidence that the tyrosine phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) in mammalian cells is an autophosphorylation event","volume":"377","author":"Cole","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-0618(99)00012-5","article-title":"Developmental expression and localization of glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2 in rat brain","volume":"16","author":"Leroy","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1994.63010245.x","article-title":"Localization and Developmental Changes of \u03c4 Protein Kinase I\/Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3\u03b2 in Rat Brain","volume":"63","author":"Takahashi","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2012.00080","article-title":"Control of neuronal ion channel function by glycogen synthase kinase-3: New prospective for an old kinase","volume":"5","author":"Wildburger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450110607011399","article-title":"Targeting glycogen synthase kinase-3 in the CNS: Implications for the development of new treatments for mood disorders","volume":"7","author":"Gould","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.105","article-title":"Is Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 a Central Modulator in Mood Regulation?","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2011.00016","article-title":"Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in the Etiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders","volume":"4","author":"Jope","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2017.15.2.100","article-title":"Wnt and GSK3 Signaling Pathways in Bipolar Disorder: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications","volume":"15","author":"Muneer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Psychopharmacol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.02.002","article-title":"Schizophrenia as a GSK-3 dysregulation disorder","volume":"30","author":"Lovestone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2012.00033","article-title":"AKT\/GSK3 signaling pathway and schizophrenia","volume":"5","author":"Emamian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5213","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12407","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase 3 substrates in mood disorders and schizophrenia","volume":"280","author":"Cole","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.01.025","article-title":"Developmental Inhibition of Gsk3 Rescues Behavioral and Neurophysiological Deficits in a Mouse Model of Schizophrenia Predisposition","volume":"89","author":"Tamura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-00924-0","article-title":"Convergent genomic and pharmacological evidence of PI3K\/GSK3 signaling alterations in neurons from schizophrenia patients","volume":"46","author":"Stertz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2174\/156720507779939832","article-title":"Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection: Lessons from Lithium","volume":"4","author":"Aghdam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.05245.x","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition is integral to long-term potentiation","volume":"25","author":"Hooper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2011.00017","article-title":"GSK3 and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Facts and fiction\u2026","volume":"4","author":"Kremer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c00931","article-title":"Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3\u03b2: A New Gold Rush in Anti-Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Multitarget Drug Discovery?","volume":"64","author":"Tumiatti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.10.104","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta is associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"449","author":"Nagao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2015.03.010","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3\u03b2) signaling: Implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"97","author":"Golpich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.03.006","article-title":"Cocaine-induced hyperactivity and sensitization are dependent on GSK3","volume":"56","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.05.052","article-title":"Systematic Discovery of In Vivo Phosphorylation Networks","volume":"129","author":"Linding","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2015.01.011","article-title":"The Nav1.2 channel is regulated by GSK3","volume":"1850","author":"James","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.03.062","article-title":"Environmental Enrichment and Social Isolation Mediate Neuroplasticity of Medium Spiny Neurons through the GSK3 Pathway","volume":"23","author":"Scala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.095042","article-title":"Kv4 potassium channel subunits control action potential repolarization and frequency-dependent broadening in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurones","volume":"569","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8143","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1917423117","article-title":"Chronic mild stress alters synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens through GSK3\u03b2-dependent modulation of Kv4.2 channels","volume":"117","author":"Aceto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy042","article-title":"GSK3beta Modulates Timing-Dependent Long-Term Depression Through Direct Phosphorylation of Kv4.2 Channels","volume":"29","author":"Aceto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2012.00013","article-title":"A pivotal role of GSK-3 in synaptic plasticity","volume":"5","author":"Bradley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8830","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1292-10.2010","article-title":"Protein Phosphatase 2A and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Signaling Modulate Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle Response by Altering Cortical M-Type Potassium Channel Activity","volume":"30","author":"Kapfhamer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duda, P., Hajka, D., W\u00f3jcicka, O., Rakus, D., and Gizak, A. (2020). GSK3\u03b2: A Master Player in Depressive Disorder Pathogenesis and Treatment Responsiveness. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030727"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201511492","article-title":"The hitchhiker\u2019s guide to the voltage-gated sodium channel galaxy","volume":"147","author":"Ahern","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.57.4.4","article-title":"International Union of Pharmacology. XLVII. Nomenclature and Structure-Function Relationships of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels","volume":"57","author":"Catterall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14064","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3403-12.2012","article-title":"The Hodgkin-Huxley Heritage: From Channels to Circuits","volume":"32","author":"Catterall","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.647bp.x","article-title":"Structure and function of voltage-gated sodium channels","volume":"508","author":"Marban","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.07.006","article-title":"Fibroblast Growth Factor Homologous Factors Control Neuronal Excitability through Modulation of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels","volume":"55","author":"Goldfarb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8261","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-23-08261.2003","article-title":"Calmodulin binds to the C terminus of sodium channels Nav1.4 and Nav1.6 and differentially modulates their functional properties","volume":"23","author":"Herzog","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu, W.-C., Nenov, M.N., Shavkunov, A., Panova, N., Zhan, M., and Laezza, F. (2015). Identifying a Kinase Network Regulating FGF14:Nav1.6 Complex Assembly Using Split-Luciferase Complementation. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117246"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2009.05.007","article-title":"FGF14 N-terminal splice variants differentially modulate Nav1.2 and Nav1.6-encoded sodium channels","volume":"42","author":"Laezza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.097220","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 14 is an intracellular modulator of voltage-gated sodium channels","volume":"569","author":"Lou","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1089\/adt.2011.413","article-title":"Bioluminescence Methodology for the Detection of Protein\u2013Protein Interactions Within the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Macromolecular Complex","volume":"10","author":"Shavkunov","year":"2012","journal-title":"ASSAY Drug Dev. Technol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2012.10.020","article-title":"Seeing the Forest through the Trees: Towards a Unified View on Physiological Calcium Regulation of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels","volume":"103","author":"Lobo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2012.05.001","article-title":"Crystal Structure of the Ternary Complex of a NaV C-Terminal Domain, a Fibroblast Growth Factor Homologous Factor, and Calmodulin","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M114.040055","article-title":"Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Protein\u2013Protein Interactions with Fibroblast Growth Factor 12 as a Component of the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel 1.2 (Nav1.2) Macromolecular Complex in Mammalian Brain*","volume":"14","author":"Wildburger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004764","article-title":"A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve","volume":"117","author":"Hodgkin","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.32.6.638","article-title":"The release of neural transmitter substances","volume":"32","author":"Katz","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.021","article-title":"Action potential initiation and propagation: Upstream influences on neurotransmission","volume":"158","author":"Kress","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2015.00015","article-title":"Axon-somatic back-propagation in detailed models of spinal alpha motoneurons","volume":"9","author":"Balbi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.3.1587","article-title":"Somadendritic Backpropagation of Action Potentials in Cortical Pyramidal Cells of the Awake Rat","volume":"79","author":"Buzsaki","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"199","article-title":"Back-propagating action potentials in pyramidal neurons: A putative signaling mechanism for the induction of Hebbian synaptic plasticity","volume":"19","author":"Colbert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Restor. Neurol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"13","article-title":"Back-propagation of physiological action potential output in dendrites of slender-tufted L5A pyramidal neurons","volume":"4","author":"Grewe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-10-03521.1998","article-title":"Downregulation of Transient K+Channels in Dendrites of Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons by Activation of PKA and PKC","volume":"18","author":"Hoffman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2359","article-title":"Distinct contributions of Nav1.6 and Nav1.2 in action potential initiation and backpropagation","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)10075-8","article-title":"Action potential initiation and backpropagation in neurons of the mammalian CNS","volume":"20","author":"Stuart","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/367069a0","article-title":"Active propagation of somatic action potentials into neocortical pyramidal cell dendrites","volume":"367","author":"Stuart","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2010.09.009","article-title":"Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics reveals multisite phosphorylation on mammalian brain voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels","volume":"22","author":"Baek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1021\/pr901171q","article-title":"Multisite Phosphorylation of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel \u03b1 Subunits from Rat Brain","volume":"9","author":"Berendt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200805169","article-title":"Protein kinase CK2 contributes to the organization of sodium channels in axonal membranes by regulating their interactions with ankyrin G","volume":"183","author":"Fache","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201500161","article-title":"CK2 activity is required for the interaction of FGF14 with voltage-gated sodium channels and neuronal excitability","volume":"30","author":"Hsu","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(92)90135-Z","article-title":"Functional modulation of brain sodium channels by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1656525","article-title":"Functional Modulation of Brain Sodium Channels by Protein Kinase C Phosphorylation","volume":"254","author":"Numann","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19370","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.445924","article-title":"The Fibroblast Growth Factor 14\u00b7Voltage-gated Sodium Channel Complex Is a New Target of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3)","volume":"288","author":"Shavkunov","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(89)90238-9","article-title":"Differential subcellular localization of the RI and RII Na+ channel subtypes in central neurons","volume":"3","author":"Westenbroek","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3611","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08534.x","article-title":"Differential regulation of three sodium channel messenger RNAs in the rat central nervous system during development","volume":"8","author":"Beckh","year":"1989","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00265-3","article-title":"Compact Myelin Dictates the Differential Targeting of Two Sodium Channel Isoforms in the Same Axon","volume":"30","author":"Boiko","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-06-02306.2003","article-title":"Functional Specialization of the Axon Initial Segment by Isoform-Specific Sodium Channel Targeting","volume":"23","author":"Boiko","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19990920)412:2<342::AID-CNE11>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Type I and type II Na(+) channel alpha-subunit polypeptides exhibit distinct spatial and temporal patterning, and association with auxiliary subunits in rat brain","volume":"412","author":"Gong","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109483","article-title":"Paradoxical hyperexcitability from NaV1.2 sodium channel loss in neocortical pyramidal cells","volume":"36","author":"Spratt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.66.032102.113328","article-title":"Localization of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels IN Mammalian Brain","volume":"66","author":"Trimmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1080\/19336950.2017.1380758","article-title":"Distribution and function of voltage-gated sodium channels in the nervous system","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Channels"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(94)90056-6","article-title":"Sodium channel mRNAs I, II and III in the CNS: Cell-specific expression","volume":"22","author":"Black","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(93)90087-6","article-title":"Distribution of I, II and III subtypes of voltage-sensitive Na+ channel mRNA in the rat brain","volume":"17","author":"Furuyama","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.63.1.871","article-title":"Resurgence of Sodium Channel Research","volume":"63","author":"Goldin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28930","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M402820200","article-title":"Regulation of Neuronal Voltage-gated Sodium Channels by the Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases Nedd4 and Nedd4-2","volume":"279","author":"Fotia","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4161\/chan.5.1.13967","article-title":"Regulation of voltage-gated ion channels in excitable cells by the ubiquitin ligases Nedd4 and Nedd4-2","volume":"5","author":"Bongiorno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Channels"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00145","article-title":"Scn2a Haploinsufficiency in Mice Suppresses Hippocampal Neuronal Excitability, Excitatory Synaptic Drive, and Long-Term Potentiation, and Spatial Learning and Memory","volume":"12","author":"Shin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109495","article-title":"Severe deficiency of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.2 elevates neuronal excitability in adult mice","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03231.1995","article-title":"A novel, abundant sodium channel expressed in neurons and glia","volume":"15","author":"Schaller","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lau, C., Ng, L., Thompson, C., Pathak, S., Kuan, L., Jones, A., and Hawrylycz, M. (2008). Exploration and visualization of gene expression with neuroanatomy in the adult mouse brain. BMC Bioinform., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-153"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00266-5","article-title":"Differential Control of Clustering of the Sodium Channels Nav1.2 and Nav1.6 at Developing CNS Nodes of Ranvier","volume":"30","author":"Kaplan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akin, E.J., Sol\u00e9, L., Dib-Hajj, S.D., Waxman, S.G., and Tamkun, M.M. (2015). Preferential Targeting of Nav1.6 Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels to the Axon Initial Segment during Development. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124397"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13718","article-title":"Axon initial segments: Structure, function, and disease","volume":"1420","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. New York Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1187958","article-title":"Molecular Identity of Dendritic Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels","volume":"328","author":"Lorincz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2016.08.016","article-title":"Single-Molecule Imaging of Na v 1.6 on the Surface of Hippocampal Neurons Reveals Somatic Nanoclusters","volume":"111","author":"Akin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19336950.2019.1700082","article-title":"Trafficking mechanisms underlying Nav channel subcellular localization in neurons","volume":"14","author":"Tamkun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Channels"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zybura, A., Hudmon, A., and Cummins, T. (2021). Distinctive Properties and Powerful Neuromodulation of Nav1.6 Sodium Channels Regulates Neuronal Excitability. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071595"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.00081","article-title":"GSK-3\u03b2 Contributes to Parkinsonian Dopaminergic Neuron Death: Evidence From Conditional Knockout Mice and Tideglusib","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761773","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.761773","article-title":"TFE3-Mediated Autophagy is Involved in Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S141","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-129025","article-title":"GSK3 and Tau: Two Convergence Points in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"33","author":"Hernandez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Mello, S. (2021). When Good Kinases Go Rogue: GSK3, p38 MAPK and CDKs as Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer\u2019s and Huntington\u2019s Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115911"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2009.01.016","article-title":"Protein\u2013protein interactions involving voltage-gated sodium channels: Post-translational regulation, intracellular trafficking and functional expression","volume":"41","author":"Shao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.08.079","article-title":"Voltage-gated sodium channel organization in neurons: Protein interactions and trafficking pathways","volume":"486","author":"Leterrier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201796692","article-title":"Mapping protein interactions of sodium channel Nav1.7 using epitope-tagged gene-targeted mice","volume":"37","author":"Kanellopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1922-17.2018","article-title":"The Axon Initial Segment: An Updated Viewpoint","volume":"38","author":"Leterrier","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20378","article-title":"Dependence of axon initial segment formation on Na+ channel expression","volume":"79","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09160","article-title":"Activity-dependent relocation of the axon initial segment fine-tunes neuronal excitability","volume":"465","author":"Grubb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.04.012","article-title":"Building and maintaining the axon initial segment","volume":"20","author":"Grubb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6808293","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6808293","article-title":"Axon Initial Segment Cytoskeleton: Architecture, Development, and Role in Neuron Polarity","volume":"2016","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.07.029","article-title":"Feedback-Driven Assembly of the Axon Initial Segment","volume":"104","author":"Rai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12033","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2282-07.2007","article-title":"The FGF14F145S Mutation Disrupts the Interaction of FGF14 with Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels and Impairs Neuronal Excitability","volume":"27","author":"Laezza","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13052","article-title":"Broader phenotypic traits and widespread brain hypometabolism in spinocerebellar ataxia 27","volume":"288","author":"Paucar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2006.11.020","article-title":"Impaired hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity in mice lacking fibroblast growth factor 14","volume":"34","author":"Xiao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.436","article-title":"Spinocerebellar Ataxia 27: A Review and Characterization of an Evolving Phenotype","volume":"8","author":"Groth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinetic Movements"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17883","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.001842","article-title":"Crystal Structure of a Fibroblast Growth Factor Homologous Factor (FHF) Defines a Conserved Surface on FHFs for Binding and Modulation of Voltage-gated Sodium Channels","volume":"284","author":"Goetz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11268","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.703868","article-title":"Identification of Amino Acid Residues in Fibroblast Growth Factor 14 (FGF14) Required for Structure-Function Interactions with Voltage-gated Sodium Channel Nav1.6","volume":"291","author":"Ali","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742903","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.742903","article-title":"Differential Modulation of the Voltage-Gated Na+ Channel 1.6 by Peptides Derived From Fibroblast Growth Factor 14","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14505","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14505","article-title":"Mapping of the FGF14:Nav1.6 complex interface reveals FLPK as a functionally active peptide modulating excitability","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2020.118786","article-title":"JAK2 regulates Nav1.6 channel function via FGF14Y158 phosphorylation","volume":"1867","author":"Wadsworth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201611721","article-title":"Calmodulin limits pathogenic Na+ channel persistent current","volume":"149","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10763","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1818618116","article-title":"Crystal structures of Ca(2+)-calmodulin bound to NaV C-terminal regions suggest role for EF-hand domain in binding and inactivation","volume":"116","author":"Gardill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527313666141126103309","article-title":"Modulation of the FGF14:FGF14 homodimer interaction through short peptide fragments","volume":"13","author":"Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.7b00399","article-title":"Functional Modulation of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels by a FGF14-Based Peptidomimetic","volume":"9","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-0818-0_10","article-title":"Bioluminescence Methodology for Ion Channel Studies","volume":"2188","author":"Wadsworth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643860","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2021.643860","article-title":"Inhibition of AKT Signaling Alters \u03b2IV Spectrin Distribution at the AIS and Increases Neuronal Excitability","volume":"14","author":"Hsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.05.005","article-title":"PPARgamma agonists rescue increased phosphorylation of FGF14 at S226 in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"295","author":"Hsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7482","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210055","article-title":"\u03b2-Catenin destruction complex: Insights and questions from a structural perspective","volume":"25","author":"Kimelman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2012.150","article-title":"The many faces and functions of \u03b2-catenin","volume":"31","author":"Valenta","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1093\/embo-reports\/kvf002","article-title":"Wnt signals are transmitted through N-terminally dephosphorylated \u03b2-catenin","volume":"3","author":"Staal","year":"2002","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2717","article-title":"Proximal events in Wnt signal transduction","volume":"10","author":"Angers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3724","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.9.18.13204","article-title":"The various roles of ubiquitin in Wnt pathway regulation","volume":"9","author":"Tauriello","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.05.012","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling and disease","volume":"149","author":"Clevers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.42","article-title":"Ankyrin-G regulates neurogenesis and Wnt signaling by altering the subcellular localization of \u03b2-catenin","volume":"20","author":"Durak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1132","article-title":"\u03b2-catenin is critical for dendritic morphogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0360149","article-title":"Regulation of cell\u2013cell adhesion by the cadherin\u2013catenin complex","volume":"36","author":"Nelson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/19336918.2015.1005466","article-title":"N-cadherin-based adherens junction regulates the maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of neural progenitor cells during development","volume":"9","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Adhes. Migr."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2654","article-title":"\u03b2-Catenin hits chromatin: Regulation of Wnt target gene activation","volume":"10","author":"Mosimann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.07.031","article-title":"Multiple functions for the cadherin\/catenin complex during neuronal development","volume":"47","author":"Yu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-1059-5","article-title":"GSK3 and \u03b2-catenin determines functional expression of sodium channels at the axon initial segment","volume":"70","author":"Tapia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.11.012","article-title":"GSK-3\u03b2 Regulates Phosphorylation of CRMP-2 and Neuronal Polarity","volume":"120","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev180232","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.180232","article-title":"Spatiotemporal regulation of GSK3\u03b2 levels by miRNA-26a controls axon development in cortical neurons","volume":"147","author":"Lucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-017-0169-3","article-title":"Neurons with Multiple Axons Have Functional Axon Initial Segments","volume":"33","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marosi, M., Nenov, M.N., Di Re, J., Dvorak, N.M., Alshammari, M., and Laezza, F. (2022). Inhibition of the Akt\/PKB Kinase Increases Nav1.6-Mediated Currents and Neuronal Excitability in CA1 Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031700"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4419","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307700101","article-title":"M-phase kinases induce phospho-dependent ubiquitination of somatic Wee1 by SCF -TrCP","volume":"101","author":"Watanabe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.05.002","article-title":"Wnt Signaling through Inhibition of \u03b2-Catenin Degradation in an Intact Axin1 Complex","volume":"149","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos114","article-title":"p16-Cdk4-Rb axis controls sensitivity to a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor PD0332991 in glioblastoma xenograft cells","volume":"14","author":"Cen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.4161\/15384101.2014.974439","article-title":"GSK3 inhibitors stabilize Wee1 and reduce cerebellar granule cell progenitor proliferation","volume":"14","author":"Penas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dvorak, N.M., Tapia, C.M., Baumgartner, T.J., Singh, J., Laezza, F., and Singh, A.K. (2021). Pharmacological Inhibition of Wee1 Kinase Selectively Modulates the Voltage-Gated Na+ Channel 1.2 Macromolecular Complex. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113103"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165915","article-title":"Sodium current abnormalities and deregulation of Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes generated from patient with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy harboring compound genetic variants in plakophilin 2 gene","volume":"1866","author":"Khudiakov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. et Biophys. Acta (BBA) Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.285551","article-title":"Wnt signalling suppresses voltage-dependent Na + channel expression in postnatal rat cardiomyocytes","volume":"593","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.003","article-title":"Activation of Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling by hydrogen peroxide transcriptionally inhibits NaV1.5 expression","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.11.034","article-title":"Wnt Signaling Requires Sequestration of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 inside Multivesicular Endosomes","volume":"143","author":"Taelman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2020.118745","article-title":"Control of neuronal excitability by GSK-3beta: Epilepsy and beyond","volume":"1867","author":"Jaworski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e02-09-0622","article-title":"Regulation of Sodium Channel Activity by Capping of Actin Filaments","volume":"14","author":"Shumilina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17704","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.30.17704","article-title":"Regulation of Epithelial Sodium Channels by Short Actin Filaments","volume":"271","author":"Berdiev","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80208-1","article-title":"MARK, a Novel Family of Protein Kinases That Phosphorylate Microtubule-Associated Proteins and Trigger Microtubule Disruption","volume":"89","author":"Drewes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(99)00046-5","article-title":"Phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and its relevance for the regulation of the neuronal cytoskeleton function","volume":"61","author":"Avila","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.02-03-0046","article-title":"Protein Kinase MARK\/PAR-1 Is Required for Neurite Outgrowth and Establishment of Neuronal Polarity","volume":"13","author":"Biernat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24599","article-title":"ReMAPping the microtubule landscape: How phosphorylation dictates the activities of microtubule-associated proteins","volume":"247","author":"Ramkumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1078\/S0171-9335(04)70028-X","article-title":"GSK3\u03b2-mediated phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein 2C (MAP2C) prevents microtubule bundling","volume":"79","author":"Avila","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01697","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2 phosphorylation of MAP1B at Ser1260 and Thr1265 is spatially restricted to growing axons","volume":"118","author":"Trivedi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.040162","article-title":"Nonprimed and DYRK1A-primed GSK3\u03b2-phosphorylation sites on MAP1B regulate microtubule dynamics in growing axons","volume":"122","author":"Scales","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16766","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1362-10.2010","article-title":"A JIP3-Regulated GSK3 \/DCX Signaling Pathway Restricts Axon Branching","volume":"30","author":"Bilimoria","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2011.00048","article-title":"Role of GSK3 Signaling in Neuronal Morphogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50850","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.50850","article-title":"Sequential phosphorylation of NDEL1 by the DYRK2-GSK3\u03b2 complex is critical for neuronal morphogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Woo","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hajka, D., Budziak, B., Pietras, \u0141., Duda, P., McCubrey, J.A., and Gizak, A. (2021). GSK3 as a Regulator of Cytoskeleton Architecture: Consequences for Health and Disease. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10082092"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5654","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0756-08.2008","article-title":"Organization of the Arp2\/3 Complex in Hippocampal Spines","volume":"28","author":"Weinberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2016.04.010","article-title":"Actin cytoskeleton in dendritic spine development and plasticity","volume":"39","author":"Lei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.21280","article-title":"Dendritic spine actin dynamics in neuronal maturation and synaptic plasticity","volume":"73","author":"Hlushchenko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytoskeleton"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11211","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.19.11211","article-title":"Phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase-dependent regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and protein kinase B\/AKT by the integrin-linked kinase","volume":"95","author":"Delcommenne","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-008-9802-x","article-title":"Dp71f Modulates GSK3-\u03b2 Recruitment to the \u03b21-Integrin Adhesion Complex","volume":"34","author":"Montalvo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25274","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.251629","article-title":"Bioinformatic Prediction and Confirmation of \u03b2-Adducin as a Novel Substrate of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3","volume":"286","author":"Farghaian","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2012.10.012","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt-dependent phosphorylation of GSK3\u03b2 and activation of RhoA regulate Wnt5a-induced gastric cancer cell migration","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189728","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/189728","article-title":"GSK3 Function in the Brain during Development, Neuronal Plasticity, and Neurodegeneration","volume":"2011","author":"Arias","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-018-0065-z","article-title":"Veratridine modifies the gating of human voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.CRJ06012X","article-title":"Roles of Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels in Neuronal Development, Pain, and Neurodegeneration","volume":"102","author":"Wada","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.2741\/1314","article-title":"Regulation of cell surface expression of voltage-dependent Nav1.7 sodium channels: Mrna stability and posttranscriptional control in adrenal chromaffin cells","volume":"9","author":"Wada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.04.048","article-title":"Nav1.7-Ca2+ influx-induced increased phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 attenuate tau phosphorylation via glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2: Priming of Nav1.7 gating by ERK and p38","volume":"640","author":"Nemoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.08R20FM","article-title":"Drug Development Targeting the Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3\u03b2 (GSK-3\u03b2)-Mediated Signal Transduction Pathway: The Role of GSK-3\u03b2 in the Maintenance of Steady-State Levels of Insulin Receptor Signaling Molecules and Nav1.7 Sodium Channel in Adrenal Chromaffin Cells","volume":"109","author":"Nemoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.02.002","article-title":"Nav1.7 sodium channel-induced Ca2+ influx decreases tau phosphorylation via glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2 in adrenal chromaffin cells","volume":"54","author":"Kanai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04929.x","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2: Homologous regulation of cell surface insulin receptor level via controlling insulin receptor mRNA stability in adrenal chromaffin cells","volume":"103","author":"Yokoo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.05.006","article-title":"Chronic lithium treatment up-regulates cell surface NaV1.7 sodium channels via inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in adrenal chromaffin cells: Enhancement of Na+ influx, Ca2+ influx and catecholamine secretion after lithium withdrawal","volume":"57","author":"Yanagita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_200","first-page":"S160","article-title":"THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017\/18: Voltage-gated ion channels","volume":"174","author":"Alexander","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noebels, J.L., Avoli, M., Rogawski, M.A., Olsen, R.W., and Delgado-Escueta, A.V. (2012). Potassium Channelopathies of Epilepsy. Jasper\u2019s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, National Center for Biotechnology Information. [4th ed.].","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199746545.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2002.1248","article-title":"Active dendrites, potassium channels and synaptic plasticity","volume":"358","author":"Johnston","year":"2003","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1703","article-title":"Mechanism of potassium-channel selectivity revealed by Na+ and Li+ binding sites within the KcsA pore","volume":"16","author":"Thompson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2005.04.013","article-title":"Protein phosphorylation in signaling\u201450 years and counting","volume":"30","author":"Pawson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.06.064","article-title":"Analysis and functional implications of phosphorylation of neuronal voltage-gated potassium channels","volume":"486","author":"Cerda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1785","article-title":"Pathways modulating neural KCNQ\/M (Kv7) potassium channels","volume":"6","author":"Delmas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4614","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0765-04.2004","article-title":"KCNQ\/M Channels Control Spike Afterdepolarization and Burst Generation in Hippocampal Neurons","volume":"24","author":"Yue","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4463-06.2007","article-title":"M-Channels (Kv7\/KCNQ Channels) That Regulate Synaptic Integration, Excitability, and Spike Pattern of CA1 Pyramidal Cells Are Located in the Perisomatic Region","volume":"27","author":"Hu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.280826","article-title":"Dorsoventral differences in Kv7\/M-current and its impact on resonance, temporal summation and excitability in rat hippocampal pyramidal cells","volume":"593","author":"Marosi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.tpj.6500400","article-title":"PP2A-B\u03b3 subunit and KCNQ2 K+ channels in bipolar disorder","volume":"7","author":"Borsotto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01925-X","article-title":"Deficits in prepulse inhibition and habituation in never-medicated, first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"54","author":"Ludewig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2359-y","article-title":"Modulation of Kv7 channels and excitability in the brain","volume":"74","author":"Greene","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1610158114","article-title":"FGF14 is a regulator of KCNQ2\/3 channels","volume":"114","author":"Pablo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1095-x","article-title":"A schizophrenia-linked mutation in PIP5K2A fails to activate neuronal M channels","volume":"199","author":"Fedorenko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4914","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.090092797","article-title":"Colocalization and coassembly of two human brain M-type potassium channel subunits that are mutated in epilepsy","volume":"97","author":"Cooper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0198-25","article-title":"A novel potassium channel gene, KCNQ2, is mutated in an inherited epilepsy of newborns","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63326-2.00002-8","article-title":"Potassium channel genes and benign familial neonatal epilepsy","volume":"213","author":"Maljevic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Brain. Res."},{"key":"ref_218","first-page":"105","article-title":"A review of potassium channels in bipolar disorder","volume":"4","author":"Judy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12230","article-title":"DNA methylation and expression ofKCNQ3in bipolar disorder","volume":"17","author":"Kaminsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2002.40201.x","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2, mood stabilizers, and neuroprotection","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"ref_221","first-page":"704","article-title":"A potassium channel, the M-channel, as a therapeutic target","volume":"6","author":"Surti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_222","first-page":"76","article-title":"Major channels involved in neuropsychiatric disorders and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"4","author":"Eimbrici","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00688","article-title":"Pharmacological Manipulation of Kv7 Channels as a New Therapeutic Tool for Multiple Brain Disorders","volume":"11","author":"Vigil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.09.026","article-title":"Unique Roles of SK and Kv4.2 Potassium Channels in Dendritic Integration","volume":"44","author":"Cai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9185","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2858-05.2005","article-title":"Functional Role of the Fast Transient Outward K+ Current IA in Pyramidal Neurons in (Rat) Primary Visual Cortex","volume":"25","author":"Yuan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5092","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5890-09.2010","article-title":"Molecular Dissection of IA in Cortical Pyramidal Neurons Reveals Three Distinct Components Encoded by Kv4.2, Kv4.3, and Kv1.4 -Subunits","volume":"30","author":"Norris","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12143","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2667-06.2006","article-title":"Deletion of Kv4.2 Gene Eliminates Dendritic A-Type K+ Current and Enhances Induction of Long-Term Potentiation in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.08.029","article-title":"Rapid, Bidirectional Remodeling of Synaptic NMDA Receptor Subunit Composition by A-type K+ Channel Activity in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons","volume":"60","author":"Jung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7903","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0776-04.2004","article-title":"KChIPs and Kv4 Subunits as Integral Components of A-Type Potassium Channels in Mammalian Brain","volume":"24","author":"Rhodes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.04.022","article-title":"Dendritic A-type potassium channel subunit expression in CA1 hippocampal interneurons","volume":"154","author":"Menegola","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00020.2009","article-title":"Ancillary Subunits Associated With Voltage-Dependent K+Channels","volume":"90","author":"Pongs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7513","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1951-08.2008","article-title":"Protein Kinase A Mediates Activity-Dependent Kv4.2 Channel Trafficking","volume":"28","author":"Hammond","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2009.12.005","article-title":"KChIP4a regulates Kv4.2 channel trafficking through PKA phosphorylation","volume":"43","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20081213","article-title":"Kv4.2 is a locus for PKC and ERK\/MAPK cross-talk","volume":"417","author":"Schrader","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5721","DOI":"10.1021\/bi802316m","article-title":"Convergent Modulation of Kv4.2 Channel \u03b1 Subunits by Structurally Distinct DPPX and KChIP Auxiliary Subunits","volume":"48","author":"Seikel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15390-x","article-title":"Activity-dependent isomerization of Kv4.2 by Pin1 regulates cognitive flexibility","volume":"11","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.034","article-title":"Intraneuronal A\u03b2 accumulation induces hippocampal neuron hyperexcitability through A-type K+ current inhibition mediated by activation of caspases and GSK-3","volume":"36","author":"Scala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12211","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3321-07.2007","article-title":"Activation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibits Long-Term Potentiation with Synapse-Associated Impairments","volume":"27","author":"Zhu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.01.029","article-title":"LTP Inhibits LTD in the Hippocampus via Regulation of GSK3\u03b2","volume":"53","author":"Peineau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12532","article-title":"HFS-Triggered AMPK Activation Phosphorylates GSK3\u03b2 and Induces E-LTP in Rat Hippocampus In Vivo","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00158","article-title":"Lentiviral silencing of GSK-3\u03b2 in adult dentate gyrus impairs contextual fear memory and synaptic plasticity","volume":"9","author":"Chew","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.184","article-title":"DIXDC1 contributes to psychiatric susceptibility by regulating dendritic spine and glutamatergic synapse density via GSK3 and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling","volume":"23","author":"Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Battaglia, S., Renner, M., Russeau, M., C\u00f4me, E., Tyagarajan, S.K., and L\u00e9vi, S. (2018). Activity-Dependent Inhibitory Synapse Scaling Is Determined by Gephyrin Phosphorylation and Subsequent Regulation of GABAA Receptor Diffusion. eNeuro, 5.","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0203-17.2017"},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, C., and Gulledge, A.T. (2021). NMDA Receptors Enhance the Fidelity of Synaptic Integration. eNeuro, 8.","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0396-20.2020"},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2020.118664","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase-3 signaling in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1867","author":"Lauretti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.08.003","article-title":"Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibitors Reverse Deficits in Long-term Potentiation and Cognition in Fragile X Mice","volume":"75","author":"Franklin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2017_47","article-title":"Sodium Channel Trafficking","volume":"246","author":"Mercier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_248","unstructured":"Hernandez, C.M., and Richards, J.R. (2022). Physiology, Sodium Channels, StatPearls."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00800.2016","article-title":"The stochastic nature of action potential backpropagation in apical tuft dendrites","volume":"118","author":"Short","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00237.2021","article-title":"Analog Transmission of Action Potential Fine Structure in Spiral Ganglion Axons","volume":"126","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2018.09.001","article-title":"Plasticity of intrinsic neuronal excitability","volume":"54","author":"Debanne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2019.03.007","article-title":"The origin of hyperpolarization based on the directional conduction of action potential using a model nerve cell system","volume":"128","author":"Kaji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00005.2021","article-title":"Electrical match between initial segment and somatodendritic compartment for action potential backpropagation in retinal ganglion cells","volume":"126","author":"Goethals","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.09.027","article-title":"Altered expression of voltage-gated potassium channel 4.2 and voltage-gated potassium channel 4-interacting protein, and changes in intracellular calcium levels following lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus","volume":"157","author":"Su","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(97)00018-X","article-title":"Metaplasticity: A new vista across the field of synaptic plasticity","volume":"52","author":"Abraham","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1134-y","article-title":"Environmental enrichment decreases intravenous amphetamine self-administration in rats: Dose-response functions for fixed- and progressive-ratio schedules","volume":"162","author":"Green","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.06.022","article-title":"Environmental Enrichment Produces a Behavioral Phenotype Mediated by Low Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element Binding (CREB) Activity in the Nucleus Accumbens","volume":"67","author":"Green","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6159","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0577-11.2011","article-title":"Environmental Enrichment Confers Stress Resiliency to Social Defeat through an Infralimbic Cortex-Dependent Neuroanatomical Pathway","volume":"31","author":"Lehmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3234","article-title":"Neurobiology of resilience","volume":"15","author":"Russo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e266","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.39","article-title":"Stress-induced anhedonia is associated with hypertrophy of medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens","volume":"3","author":"Bessa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.07.021","article-title":"Nucleus Accumbens Medium Spiny Neuron Subtypes Mediate Depression-Related Outcomes to Social Defeat Stress","volume":"77","author":"Francis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3877","article-title":"Intrinsic plasticity: An emerging player in addiction","volume":"16","author":"Kourrich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.063","article-title":"From Intrinsic Firing Properties to Selective Neuronal Vulnerability in Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"85","author":"Roselli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2257","article-title":"CREB regulation of nucleus accumbens excitability mediates social isolation\u2013induced behavioral deficits","volume":"12","author":"Wallace","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600633","article-title":"Role that phosphorylation of GSK3 plays in insulin and Wnt signalling defined by knockin analysis","volume":"24","author":"McManus","year":"2005","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.43","article-title":"Deficiency in the Inhibitory Serine-Phosphorylation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Increases Sensitivity to Mood Disturbances","volume":"35","author":"Polter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2011.12.002","article-title":"Effects of alcohol on the membrane excitability and synaptic transmission of medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens","volume":"46","author":"Marty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3689","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4063-09.2010","article-title":"Exposure to Cocaine Dynamically Regulates the Intrinsic Membrane Excitability of Nucleus Accumbens Neurons","volume":"30","author":"Mu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.08.001","article-title":"The Spike-Timing Dependence of Plasticity","volume":"75","author":"Feldman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.09.007","article-title":"Emerging Role for Nucleus Accumbens Medium Spiny Neuron Subtypes in Depression","volume":"81","author":"Francis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9084","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0039-11.2011","article-title":"A Novel Role of the WNT-Dishevelled-GSK3 Signaling Cascade in the Mouse Nucleus Accumbens in a Social Defeat Model of Depression","volume":"31","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.01.020","article-title":"Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta alters anxiety-, depression-, and addiction-related behaviors and neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens shell","volume":"117","author":"Crofton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/8\/4413\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:55:23Z","timestamp":1760136923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/8\/4413"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]]},"references-count":272,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms23084413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23084413","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]]}}}