{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:15:12Z","timestamp":1791288912274,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiac diseases are the leading causes of death, with a growing number of cases worldwide, posing a challenge for both healthcare and research. Therefore, the most relevant aim of cardiac research is to unravel the molecular pathomechanisms and identify new therapeutic targets. Cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2), the Ca2+ release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, is believed to be a good therapeutic target in a group of certain heart diseases, collectively called cardiac ryanopathies. Ryanopathies are associated with the impaired function of the RyR, leading to heart diseases such as congestive heart failure (CHF), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia type 2 (ARVD2), and calcium release deficiency syndrome (CRDS). The aim of the current review is to provide a short insight into the pathological mechanisms of ryanopathies and discuss the pharmacological approaches targeting RyR2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T22:04:02Z","timestamp":1650319442000},"page":"4435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Therapeutic Approaches of Ryanodine Receptor-Associated Heart Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Norbert","family":"Szentandr\u00e1ssy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zsuzsanna \u00c9.","family":"Magyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Hevesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3894-0738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"B\u00e1ny\u00e1sz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter P.","family":"N\u00e1n\u00e1si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Dental Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1nos","family":"Alm\u00e1ssy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, P.O. Box 2, 1428 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/415198a","article-title":"Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling","volume":"415","author":"Bers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2008.12.005","article-title":"What role does modulation of the ryanodine receptor play in cardiac inotropy and arrhythmogenesis?","volume":"46","author":"Eisner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2004.01.038","article-title":"Enhanced sarcolemmal Ca2+ efflux reduces sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content and systolic Ca2+ in cardiac hypertrophy","volume":"62","author":"Graham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. 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