{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T12:37:32Z","timestamp":1770727052373,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a beta-herpesvirus carried by ~80% of adults worldwide. Acute infections are often asymptomatic in healthy individuals but generate diverse syndromes in neonates, renal transplant recipients (RTR), and people with HIV (PWH). The HCMV gene UL111a encodes a homolog of human interleukin-10 (IL-10) that interacts with the human IL-10 receptor. Deep sequencing technologies were used to sequence UL111a directly from 59 clinical samples from Indonesian PWH and Australian RTR, healthy adults, and neonates. Overall, 93% of samples contained more than one variant of HCMV, as defined by at least one nonsynonymous variation. Carriage of these variants differed between neonates and adults, Australians and Indonesians, and between saliva and blood leukocytes. The variant alleles of N41D and S71Y occurred together in Australian RTR and were associated with higher T-cell responses to HCMV pp65. The variant P122S was associated with lower levels of antibodies reactive with a lysate of HCMV-infected fibroblasts. L174F was associated with increased levels of antibodies reactive with HCMV lysate, immediate-early 1 (IE-1), and glycoprotein B (gB) in Australian RTR and Indonesians PWH, suggesting a higher viral burden. We conclude that variants of UL111a are common in all populations and may influence systemic responses to HCMV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T08:14:06Z","timestamp":1650701646000},"page":"4644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Sequencing of the Viral UL111a Gene Directly from Clinical Specimens Reveals Variants of HCMV-Encoded IL-10 That Are Associated with Altered Immune Responses to HCMV"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Shelley","family":"Waters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia"},{"name":"PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Department of Microbiology, Nedlands 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibnu","family":"Ariyanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology and Cancer Pathobiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Kresoje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6966-2294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shay","family":"Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5113-8646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kylie","family":"Munyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvana","family":"Gaudieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia"},{"name":"School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9577-3764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Irish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony D.","family":"Keil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Department of Microbiology, Nedlands 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard J. N.","family":"Allcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia"},{"name":"PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Department of Diagnostic Genomics, Nedlands 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3078-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2034","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2034","article-title":"Estimation of the worldwide seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Zuhair","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. 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