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After confirming that hepatic AKR1B10 reflected the progression of NAFLD in a subgroup with NAFLD, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of plasma AKR1B10 and other biomarkers for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis in replication cohort. We enrolled healthy control subjects and patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD (n = 102) and evaluated the performance of various diagnostic markers. Plasma AKR1B10 performed well in the diagnosis of NASH with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.834 and a cutoff value of 1078.2 pg\/mL, as well as advanced fibrosis (AUROC curve value of 0.914 and cutoff level 1078.2 pg\/mL), with further improvement in combination with C3. When we monitored a subgroup of obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery (n = 35), plasma AKR1B10 decreased dramatically, and 40.0% of patients with NASH at baseline showed a decrease in plasma AKR1B10 levels to below the cutoff level after the surgery. In an independent validation study, we proved that plasma AKR1B10 was a specific biomarker of NAFLD progression across varying degrees of renal dysfunction. Despite perfect correlation between plasma and serum levels of AKR1B10 in paired sample analysis, its serum level was 1.4-fold higher than that in plasma. Plasma AKR1B10 alone and in combination with C3 could be a useful noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis of NASH and hepatic fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23095035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T06:23:08Z","timestamp":1651386188000},"page":"5035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Plasma Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member B10 as a Biomarker Performs Well in the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0203-6069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aron","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Joon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3663-9220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungjin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Genome Medicine, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6453-5253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjae","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0374-2571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoung Kon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doojin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Hae","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Been","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaehun","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Kak","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4277-7083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung-Chul","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheolsoo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0966-7915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seungyoon","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Genome Medicine, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31173","article-title":"Changes in the Global Burden of Chronic Liver Diseases From 2012 to 2017: The Growing Impact of NAFLD","volume":"72","author":"Paik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.06.006","article-title":"Bariatric Surgery Provides Long-term Resolution of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Regression of Fibrosis","volume":"159","author":"Lassailly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-014-2678-y","article-title":"Bariatric Surgery Improves Histological Features of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver 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