{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:41:02Z","timestamp":1781916062076,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Clinic of Dentistry in Vienna"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Pyroptosis is a caspase-dependent catabolic process relevant to periodontal disorders for which inflammation is central to the pathophysiology of the disease. Although enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been applied to support periodontal regeneration, its capacity to modulate the expression of pyroptosis-related genes remains unknown. Considering EMD has anti-inflammatory properties and pyroptosis is linked to the activation of the inflammasome in chronic periodontitis, the question arises whether EMD could reduce pyroptosis signalling. Methods: To answer this question, primary macrophages obtained from murine bone marrow and RAW 264.7 macrophages were primed with EMD before being challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cells were then analysed for pyroptosis-signalling components by gene expression analyses, interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) immunoassay, and the detection of caspase-1 (CAS1). The release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also detected. Results: We report here that EMD, like the inflammasome (NLRP3) and CAS1 specific inhibitors\u2014MCC950 and Ac-YVAD-cmk, respectively\u2014lowered the LPS-induced expression of NLRP3 in primary macrophages (EMD: p = 0.0232; MCC950: p = 0.0426; Ac-YVAD-cmk: p = 0.0317). EMD further reduced the LPS-induced expression of NLRP3 in RAW 264.7 cells (p = 0.0043). There was also a reduction in CAS1 and IL-1\u03b2 in RAW 264.7 macrophages on the transcriptional level (p = 0.0598; p = 0.0283; respectively), in IL-1\u03b2 protein release (p = 0.0313), and CAS1 activity. Consistently, EMD, like MCC950 and Ac-YVAD-cmk, diminished the ROS release in activated RAW 264.7 cells. In ST2 murine mesenchymal cells, EMD could not be tested because LPS, saliva, and IL-1\u03b2 + TNF-\u03b1 failed to provoke pyroptosis signalling. Conclusion: These findings suggest that EMD is capable of dampening the expression of pyroptosis-related genes in macrophages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23095078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T08:26:35Z","timestamp":1651566395000},"page":"5078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Enamel Matrix Derivative Decreases Pyroptosis-Related Genes in Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mariane Beatriz","family":"Sordi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariadne Cristiane","family":"Cabral da Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3557-3493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Layla","family":"Panahipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2011.00425.x","article-title":"The global burden of periodontal disease: Towards integration with chronic disease prevention and control: Global periodontal health","volume":"60","author":"Petersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2006.001366.x","article-title":"Soft-tissue integration of implants","volume":"17","author":"Klinge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. 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