{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:23:03Z","timestamp":1793294583387,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science and Engineering Research Council","award":["360520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["360520"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science and Engineering Research Council","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"Training Program in Organ-on-a-Chip Engineering and Entrepreneurship","award":["360520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["360520"]}]},{"name":"Training Program in Organ-on-a-Chip Engineering and Entrepreneurship","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is a shortage of suitable tissue-engineered solutions for gingival recession, a soft tissue defect of the oral cavity. Autologous tissue grafts lead to an increase in morbidity due to complications at the donor site. Although material substitutes are available on the market, their development is early, and work to produce more functional material substitutes is underway. The latter materials along with newly conceived tissue-engineered substitutes must maintain volumetric form over time and have advantageous mechanical and biological characteristics facilitating the regeneration of functional gingival tissue. This review conveys a comprehensive and timely perspective to provide insight towards future work in the field, by linking the structure (specifically multilayered systems) and function of electrospun material-based approaches for gingival tissue engineering and regeneration. Electrospun material composites are reviewed alongside existing commercial material substitutes\u2019, looking at current advantages and disadvantages. The importance of implementing physiologically relevant degradation profiles and mechanical properties into the design of material substitutes is presented and discussed. Further, given that the broader tissue engineering field has moved towards the use of pre-seeded scaffolds, a review of promising cell options, for generating tissue-engineered autologous gingival grafts from electrospun scaffolds is presented and their potential utility and limitations are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23095256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T21:23:27Z","timestamp":1652131407000},"page":"5256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Structure and Function of Next-Generation Gingival Graft Substitutes\u2014A Perspective on Multilayer Electrospun Constructs with Consideration of Vascularization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5501-1338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian C. W.","family":"Webb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 Collage St Room 407, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Glogauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Paul","family":"Santerre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 Collage St Room 407, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2003.0137","article-title":"The etiology and prevalence of gingival recession","volume":"134","author":"Kassab","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512457373","article-title":"Prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the United States: 2009 and 2010","volume":"91","author":"Eke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dent. 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