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Unlike other retroviruses, there is no effective therapy to prevent the onset of the most alarming diseases caused by HTLV-1, and the more severe cases manifest as the malignant phenotype of adult T cell leukemia (ATL). MicroRNA (miRNA) dysfunction is a common feature of leukemogenesis, and it is no different in ATL cases. Therefore, we sought to analyze studies that reported deregulated miRNA expression in HTLV-1 infected cells and patients\u2019 samples to understand how this deregulation could induce malignancy. Through in silico analysis, we identified 12 miRNAs that stood out in the prediction of targets, and we performed functional annotation of the genes linked to these 12 miRNAs that appeared to have a major biological interaction. A total of 90 genes were enriched in 14 KEGG pathways with significant values, including TP53, WNT, MAPK, TGF-\u03b2, and Ras signaling pathways. These miRNAs and gene interactions are discussed in further detail for elucidation of how they may act as probable drivers for ATL onset, and while our data provide solid starting points for comprehension of miRNAs\u2019 roles in HTLV-1 infection, continuous effort in oncologic research is still needed to improve our understanding of HTLV-1 induced leukemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]],"date-time":"2022-05-14T09:27:56Z","timestamp":1652520476000},"page":"5486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Role of miRNAs in Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Induced T Cell Leukemia: A Literature Review and Bioinformatics Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8918-9812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caio Bezerra","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leidivan Sousa","family":"da Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unichristus University Center, Faculty of Biomedicine, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5570-3158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jersey Heitor da Silva","family":"Mau\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1via Melo Cunha de Pinho","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Braga","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66073-005, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Monteiro","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Fortaleza General Hospital (HGF), Fortaleza 60150-160, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germison Silva","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, C\u00e9sar Cals General Hospital, Fortaleza 60015-152, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoel Odorico","family":"de Moraes Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Elisabete Amaral","family":"de Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3451-6369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Salim","family":"Khayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66073-005, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5845-3481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline Aquino","family":"Moreira-Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil"},{"name":"Unichristus University Center, Faculty of Biomedicine, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66073-005, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Itaperi Campus, Cear\u00e1 State University, Fortaleza 60740-903, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01425","article-title":"The Exceptional Oncogenicity of HTLV-1","volume":"8","author":"Tagaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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