{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T00:28:49Z","timestamp":1794097729916,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":236,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"National Institute of Health \u201cFondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Instituto de Salud Carlos III\u201d Madrid, Spain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI21\/01145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/01145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"National Institute of Health \u201cFondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Instituto de Salud Carlos III\u201d Madrid, Spain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD16\/0012\/0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0012\/0014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"National Institute of Health \u201cFondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Instituto de Salud Carlos III\u201d Madrid, Spain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["734899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["734899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"National Institute of Health \u201cFondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Instituto de Salud Carlos III\u201d Madrid, Spain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GPC IN607B 2021 108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GPC IN607B 2021 108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ETICS Program and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)","award":["PI21\/01145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/01145"]}]},{"name":"ETICS Program and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)","award":["RD16\/0012\/0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0012\/0014"]}]},{"name":"ETICS Program and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)","award":["734899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["734899"]}]},{"name":"ETICS Program and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)","award":["GPC IN607B 2021 108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GPC IN607B 2021 108"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and European Union framework MSCA-RISE-H2020 Program","award":["PI21\/01145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/01145"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and European Union framework MSCA-RISE-H2020 Program","award":["RD16\/0012\/0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0012\/0014"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and European Union framework MSCA-RISE-H2020 Program","award":["734899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["734899"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and European Union framework MSCA-RISE-H2020 Program","award":["GPC IN607B 2021 108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GPC IN607B 2021 108"]}]},{"name":"Axencia Galega de Innovaci\u00f3n (GAIN): Axudas do programa de consolidaci\u00f3n e estruturaci\u00f3n de unidades de investigaci\u00f3n competitivas","award":["PI21\/01145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/01145"]}]},{"name":"Axencia Galega de Innovaci\u00f3n (GAIN): Axudas do programa de consolidaci\u00f3n e estruturaci\u00f3n de unidades de investigaci\u00f3n competitivas","award":["RD16\/0012\/0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0012\/0014"]}]},{"name":"Axencia Galega de Innovaci\u00f3n (GAIN): Axudas do programa de consolidaci\u00f3n e estruturaci\u00f3n de unidades de investigaci\u00f3n competitivas","award":["734899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["734899"]}]},{"name":"Axencia Galega de Innovaci\u00f3n (GAIN): Axudas do programa de consolidaci\u00f3n e estruturaci\u00f3n de unidades de investigaci\u00f3n competitivas","award":["GPC IN607B 2021 108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GPC IN607B 2021 108"]}]},{"name":"predoctoral research grants from Xunta de Galicia","award":["PI21\/01145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/01145"]}]},{"name":"predoctoral research grants from Xunta de Galicia","award":["RD16\/0012\/0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0012\/0014"]}]},{"name":"predoctoral research grants from Xunta de Galicia","award":["734899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["734899"]}]},{"name":"predoctoral research grants from Xunta de Galicia","award":["GPC IN607B 2021 108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GPC IN607B 2021 108"]}]},{"name":"redoctoral research grant from the PFIS Program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain)","award":["PI21\/01145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/01145"]}]},{"name":"redoctoral research grant from the PFIS Program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain)","award":["RD16\/0012\/0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0012\/0014"]}]},{"name":"redoctoral research grant from the PFIS Program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain)","award":["734899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["734899"]}]},{"name":"redoctoral research grant from the PFIS Program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain)","award":["GPC IN607B 2021 108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GPC IN607B 2021 108"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, also known as gliflozins, were developed as a novel class of anti-diabetic agents that promote glycosuria through the prevention of glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule by sodium-glucose co-transporter 2. Beyond the regulation of glucose homeostasis, they resulted as being effective in different clinical trials in patients with heart failure, showing a strong cardio-renal protective effect in diabetic, but also in non-diabetic patients, which highlights the possible existence of other mechanisms through which gliflozins could be exerting their action. So far, different gliflozins have been approved for their therapeutic use in T2DM, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease in different countries, all of them being diseases that have in common a deregulation of the inflammatory process associated with the pathology, which perpetuates and worsens the disease. This inflammatory deregulation has been observed in many other diseases, which led the scientific community to have a growing interest in the understanding of the biological processes that lead to or control inflammation deregulation in order to be able to identify potential therapeutic targets that could revert this situation and contribute to the amelioration of the disease. In this line, recent studies showed that gliflozins also act as an anti-inflammatory drug, and have been proposed as a useful strategy to treat other diseases linked to inflammation in addition to cardio-renal diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this work, we will review recent studies regarding the role of the main sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in the control of inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T11:59:37Z","timestamp":1652875177000},"page":"5634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Role of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in the Regulation of Inflammatory Processes in Animal Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3739-5806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Feij\u00f3o-Band\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) and Xerencia de Xesti\u00f3n Integrada de Santiago de Compostela (XXIS\/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alana","family":"Arag\u00f3n-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) and Xerencia de Xesti\u00f3n Integrada de Santiago de Compostela (XXIS\/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Otero-Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) and Xerencia de Xesti\u00f3n Integrada de Santiago de Compostela (XXIS\/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Anido-Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) and Xerencia de Xesti\u00f3n Integrada de Santiago de Compostela (XXIS\/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Mora\u00f1a-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) and Xerencia de Xesti\u00f3n Integrada de Santiago de Compostela (XXIS\/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3466-2558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Taraz\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Rosell\u00f3-Llet\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4415-7160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Portol\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7154-1328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oreste","family":"Gualillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) and Xerencia de Xesti\u00f3n Integrada de Santiago de Compostela (XXIS\/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Juanatey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) and Xerencia de Xesti\u00f3n Integrada de Santiago de Compostela (XXIS\/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Lago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) and Xerencia de Xesti\u00f3n Integrada de Santiago de Compostela (XXIS\/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112981","article-title":"Correction of Hyperglycemia with Phlorizin Normalizes Tissue Sensitivity to Insulin in Diabetic Rats","volume":"79","author":"Rossetti","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI100559","article-title":"The Action of Phlorizin on the Excretion of Glucose, Xylose, Sucrose, Creatinine and Urea by Man","volume":"12","author":"Chasis","year":"1933","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, C.-I. (2016). Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors from Natural Products: Discovery of Next-Generation Antihyperglycemic Agents. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21091136"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2337\/diaclin.28.1.5","article-title":"Apple Trees to Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter Inhibitors: A Review of SGLT2 Inhibition","volume":"28","author":"White","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, L., Cao, J., Zhao, T., Liu, Y., Khan, A., and Cheng, G. (2021). The Bioavailability, Extraction, Biosynthesis and Distribution of Natural Dihydrochalcone: Phloridzin. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020962"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1002\/jlac.18350150210","article-title":"Analyse Des Phloridzins","volume":"15","author":"Petersen","year":"1835","journal-title":"Ann. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.532","article-title":"Phlorizin: A Review","volume":"21","author":"Ehrenkranz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"31","article-title":"\u00dcber K\u00fcnstlichen Diabetes","volume":"22","year":"1886","journal-title":"Cent. Med. Wiss."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.2174\/1573406411666150105105529","article-title":"Design of SGLT2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A History Driven by Biology to Chemistry","volume":"11","author":"Cai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab765","article-title":"SGLT2 Inhibitors: The Statins of the 21st Century","volume":"43","author":"Braunwald","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.010","article-title":"Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Disease Susceptibility","volume":"160","author":"Kotas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S140","DOI":"10.1301\/nr.2007.dec.S140-S146","article-title":"Inflammatory Mechanisms: The Molecular Basis of Inflammation and Disease","volume":"65","author":"Libby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charlton, A., Garzarella, J., Jandeleit-Dahm, K.A.M., and Jha, J.C. (2020). Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Renal and Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes. Biology, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10010018"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2018.09.005","article-title":"Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Systemic and Tissue Low-Grade Inflammation: The Potential Contribution to Diabetes Complications and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"44","author":"Bonnet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"219","article-title":"Diabetic Bladder Dysfunction Is Associated with Bladder Inflammation Triggered through Hyperglycemia, not Polyuria","volume":"10","author":"Inouye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res. Rep. Urol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300001","article-title":"Phloretin and Phlorizin Promote Lipolysis and Inhibit Inflammation in Mouse 3T3-L1 Cells and in Macrophage-Adipocyte Co-Cultures","volume":"57","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liddle, D.M., Kavanagh, M.E., Wright, A.J., and Robinson, L.E. (2020). Apple Flavonols Mitigate Adipocyte Inflammation and Promote Angiogenic Factors in LPS- and Cobalt Chloride-Stimulated Adipocytes, in Part by a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-\u03b3-Dependent Mechanism. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051386"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02707C","article-title":"Phlorizin Exerts Potent Effects against Aging Induced by D-Galactose in Mice and PC12 Cells","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c06426","article-title":"Dietary Supplementation of Apple Phlorizin Attenuates the Redox State Related to Gut Microbiota Homeostasis in C57BL\/6J Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111649","article-title":"Phlorizin Attenuates Visceral Hypersensitivity and Colonic Hyperpermeability in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome","volume":"139","author":"Nozu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2020-0330","article-title":"Pharmacological Investigations on Efficacy of Phlorizin a Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter (SGLT) Inhibitor in Mouse Model of Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin Induced Dementia of AD Type","volume":"32","author":"Rani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-005-0060-5","article-title":"Prevention of Bone Loss by Phloridzin, an Apple Polyphenol, in Ovariectomized Rats under Inflammation Conditions","volume":"77","author":"Puel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2014.04.010","article-title":"Beneficial Effects of Phlorizin on Diabetic Nephropathy in Diabetic Db\/Db Mice","volume":"28","author":"Pei","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Complicat."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7502","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b03474","article-title":"Insulin Sensitivity-Enhancing Activity of Phlorizin Is Associated with Lipopolysaccharide Decrease and Gut Microbiota Changes in Obese and Type 2 Diabetes (Db\/Db) Mice","volume":"64","author":"Mei","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842990","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1842990","article-title":"Phlorizin Ameliorates Obesity-Associated Endotoxemia and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice by Targeting the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Integrity","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174563","article-title":"Anti-Fatigue Effect of Phlorizin on Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Oxidative Injury Mediated by Nrf2\/ARE Signaling Pathway in Mice","volume":"918","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13052","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13052","article-title":"Protective Effect of Apple Phlorizin on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Cell Damage in HepG2 Cells","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b12-00057","article-title":"Hepatoprotective Effects of Phloridzin on Hepatic Fibrosis Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride against Oxidative Stress-Triggered Damage and Fibrosis in Rats","volume":"35","author":"Deng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S242282","article-title":"Dual SGLT1\/SGLT2 Inhibitor Phlorizin Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatic Glucose Production in Type 2 Diabetic Mice","volume":"13","author":"Esteves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes. Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2017.07.014","article-title":"Dietary Phlorizin Enhances Osteoblastogenic Bone Formation through Enhancing \u03b2-Catenin Activity via GSK-3\u03b2 Inhibition in a Model of Senile Osteoporosis","volume":"49","author":"Antika","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1998.3856","article-title":"Phlorizin, a Competitive Inhibitor of Glucose Transport, Facilitates Memory Storage in Mice","volume":"71","author":"Boccia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2021.8088","article-title":"Phlorizin from Sweet Tea Inhibits the Progress of Esophageal Cancer by Antagonizing the JAK2\/STAT3 Signaling Pathway","volume":"46","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"6887","article-title":"Role of SGLT1 in High Glucose Level-Induced MMP-2 Expression in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts","volume":"17","author":"Meng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12659\/MSMBR.907775","article-title":"Phlorizin Exerts Direct Protective Effects on Palmitic Acid (PA)-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction by Activating the PI3K\/AKT\/ENOS Signaling Pathway and Increasing the Levels of Nitric Oxide (NO)","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit. Basic Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263845","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/263845","article-title":"Investigation of the Protective Effects of Phlorizin on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Db\/Db Mice by Quantitative Proteomics","volume":"2013","author":"Cai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b14-00046","article-title":"Phlorizin Prevents Electrically-Induced Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia during Ischemia in Langendorff-Perfused Guinea-Pig Hearts","volume":"37","author":"Hirose","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-020-02433-x","article-title":"Sodium-Coupled Glucose Transport, the SLC5 Family, and Therapeutically Relevant Inhibitors: From Molecular Discovery to Clinical Application","volume":"472","author":"Gyimesi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(98)00109-4","article-title":"Missense Mutations in SGLT1 Cause Glucose\u2013Galactose Malabsorption by Trafficking Defects","volume":"1453","author":"Lam","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ottosson-Laakso, E., Tuomi, T., Fors\u00e9n, B., Gullstr\u00f6m, M., Groop, P.H., Groop, L., and Vikman, P. (2016). Influence of Familial Renal Glycosuria Due to Mutations in the SLC5A2 Gene on Changes in Glucose Tolerance over Time. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146114"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.04.011","article-title":"Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporters and Their Inhibition: Clinical Physiology","volume":"26","author":"Ferrannini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01511.x","article-title":"The Role of the Kidneys in Glucose Homeostasis: A New Path towards Normalizing Glycaemia","volume":"14","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F10","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.2001.280.1.F10","article-title":"Renal Na(+)-Glucose Cotransporters","volume":"280","author":"Wright","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010-0029","article-title":"Role of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT 2) Inhibitors in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Norton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.511","article-title":"SGLT2 Inhibitors: Molecular Design and Potential Differences in Effect","volume":"1","author":"Isaji","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-020-02439-5","article-title":"Glucose Transporters in the Small Intestine in Health and Disease","volume":"472","author":"Koepsell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0816-2","article-title":"SGLT2 Inhibition with Empagliflozin Attenuates Myocardial Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis in Diabetic Mice Heart","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0195r.x","article-title":"Passive Water and Ion Transport by Cotransporters","volume":"518","author":"Loo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4157-3","article-title":"Targeting Renal Glucose Reabsorption to Treat Hyperglycaemia: The Pleiotropic Effects of SGLT2 Inhibition","volume":"60","author":"Vallon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0387","article-title":"Characterization of Renal Glucose Reabsorption in Response to Dapagliflozin in Healthy Subjects and Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"36","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"541","article-title":"Effect of Phlorizin on SGLT2 Expression in the Kidney of Diabetic Rats","volume":"23","author":"Osorio","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2009.09.006","article-title":"Effect of Treatment with Losartan on Salt Sensitivity and SGLT2 Expression in Hypertensive Diabetic Rats","volume":"86","author":"Osorio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.11.003","article-title":"Enhanced Expressions of Sodium\u2013Glucose Cotransporters in the Kidneys of Diabetic Zucker Rats","volume":"83","author":"Tabatabai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F653","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00143.2018","article-title":"Unmasking a Sustained Negative Effect of SGLT2 Inhibition on Body Fluid Volume in the Rat","volume":"315","author":"Masuda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02818-7","article-title":"Potential Impacts of Diabetes Mellitus and Anti-Diabetes Agents on Expressions of Sodium-Glucose Transporters (SGLTs) in Mice","volume":"74","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p45","DOI":"10.1159\/000214214","article-title":"Expression and Activity of SGLT2 in Diabetes Induced by Streptozotocin: Relationship with the Lipid Environment","volume":"112","author":"Majowicz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephron. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.02.022","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic Acid Decreases Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter (SGLT2) Expression and Oxidative Stress in the Kidney of Diabetic Rats","volume":"97","author":"Osorio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12970","article-title":"Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter (SGLT)2 and SGLT1 Renal Expression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Solini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.2337\/db20-1126","article-title":"Overexpression of Nrf2 in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells Stimulates Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Expression and Exacerbates Dysglycemia and Kidney Injury in Diabetic Mice","volume":"70","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.12.3427","article-title":"Glucose Transporters in Human Renal Proximal Tubular Cells Isolated from the Urine of Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes","volume":"54","author":"Rahmoune","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.12.3227","article-title":"Bioavailability of Phloretin and Phloridzin in Rats","volume":"131","author":"Crespy","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"39","article-title":"Sugar Transport in the Red Blood Cell: Structure-Activity Relationships in Substrates and Antagonists","volume":"13","author":"LeFevre","year":"1961","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.8.13.7926364","article-title":"Glucose Transporter Proteins in Brain","volume":"8","author":"Maher","year":"1994","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3545","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1637","article-title":"Enhanced Oral Bioavailability and Bioefficacy of Phloretin Using Mixed Polymeric Modified Self-Nanoemulsions","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(01)00043-6","article-title":"A Missense Mutation in the Na+\/Glucose Cotransporter Gene SGLT1 in a Patient with Congenital Glucose-Galactose Malabsorption: Normal Trafficking but Inactivation of the Mutant Protein","volume":"1536","author":"Kasahara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00021.2017","article-title":"Novel and Unexpected Functions of SGLTs","volume":"32","author":"Wright","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07700-1","article-title":"Inhibitor Binding Mode and Allosteric Regulation of Na+-Glucose Symporters","volume":"9","author":"Bisignano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.9.1794","article-title":"T-1095, an Inhibitor of Renal Na+-Glucose Cotransporters, May Provide a Novel Approach to Treating Diabetes","volume":"48","author":"Oku","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2000.7729","article-title":"T-1095, a Renal Na+-Glucose Transporter Inhibitor, Improves Hyperglycemia in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats","volume":"49","author":"Adachi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Metab.-Clin. Exp."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.110296","article-title":"Sergliflozin, a Novel Selective Inhibitor of Low-Affinity Sodium Glucose Cotransporter (SGLT2), Validates the Critical Role of SGLT2 in Renal Glucose Reabsorption and Modulates Plasma Glucose Level","volume":"320","author":"Katsuno","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2021.116033","article-title":"Discovery of Remogliflozin Etabonate: A Potent and Highly Selective SGLT2 Inhibitor","volume":"34","author":"Shimizu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s13340-020-00472-4","article-title":"Remogliflozin: The New Low Cost SGLT-2 Inhibitor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Atal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetol. Int."},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency Zynquista (2022, April 11). Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/zynquista."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.9734\/BJPR\/2014\/8382","article-title":"Natural Products as Potential Sources of Antidiabetic Drugs","volume":"4","author":"Osadebe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-020-00875-1","article-title":"Overview of the Clinical Pharmacology of Ertugliflozin, a Novel Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor","volume":"59","author":"Fediuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-014-0229-1","article-title":"Tofogliflozin: First Global Approval","volume":"74","author":"Poole","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01517.x","article-title":"Empagliflozin, a Novel Selective Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitor: Characterisation and Comparison with Other SGLT-2 Inhibitors","volume":"14","author":"Grempler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"92","article-title":"Jardiance (Empagliflozin), an SGLT2 Inhibitor, Receives FDA Approval for the Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Fala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. Heal. Drug Benefits"},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2022, April 09). FDA Approves Jardiance to Reduce Cardiovascular Death in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-approves-jardiance-reduce-cardiovascular-death-adults-type-2-diabetes."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"(2022, April 09). Boehringer-Ingelheim US FDA Approves Jardiance\u00ae (Empagliflozin) to Treat Adults Living with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. Available online: https:\/\/www.boehringer-ingelheim.us\/press-release\/us-fda-approves-jardiance-empagliflozin-treat-adults-living-heart-failure-reduced."},{"key":"ref_80","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2022, April 09). FDA Approves Treatment for Wider Range of Patients with Heart Failure, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-approves-treatment-wider-range-patients-heart-failure."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2021.1959915","article-title":"Bexagliflozin for Type 2 Diabetes: An Overview of the Data","volume":"22","author":"Azzam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2952","DOI":"10.1021\/jm200049r","article-title":"Discovery of a Clinical Candidate from the Structurally Unique Dioxa-Bicyclo[3.2.1]Octane Class of Sodium-Dependent Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors","volume":"54","author":"Mascitti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-018-0878-6","article-title":"Ertugliflozin: First Global Approval","volume":"78","author":"Markham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.1021\/jm901893x","article-title":"(1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-[5-(4-Ethoxybenzyl)-2-Methoxy-4-Methylphenyl]-1-Thio-D-Glucitol (TS-071) Is a Potent, Selective Sodium-Dependent Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor for Type 2 Diabetes Treatment","volume":"53","author":"Kakinuma","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-014-0230-8","article-title":"Luseogliflozin: First Global Approval","volume":"74","author":"Markham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1021\/jm701272q","article-title":"Discovery of Dapagliflozin: A Potent, Selective Renal Sodium-Dependent Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"51","author":"Meng","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_87","unstructured":"(2022, April 11). European Medicines Agency FORXIGATM (Dapagliflozin) Now Approved in European Union for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Available online: https:\/\/www.astrazeneca.com\/media-centre\/press-releases\/2012\/FORXIGA-dapagliflozin-now-approved-in-European-Union-for-treatment-of-type-2-diabetes-14112012.html#."},{"key":"ref_88","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2022, April 11). FDA Approves New Treatment for a Type of Heart Failure, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-approves-new-treatment-type-heart-failure."},{"key":"ref_89","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2022, April 11). FDA Approves Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-approves-treatment-chronic-kidney-disease."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-01150-9","article-title":"Remogliflozin Etabonate: First Global Approval","volume":"79","author":"Markham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b18-00728","article-title":"In Vitro Pharmacological Profile of Ipragliflozin, a Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor","volume":"42","author":"Takasu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-014-0204-x","article-title":"Ipragliflozin: First Global Approval","volume":"74","author":"Poole","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, Y., Arakawa, K., Ueta, K., Matsushita, Y., Kuriyama, C., Martin, T., Du, F., Liu, Y., Xu, J., and Conway, B. (2012). Effect of Canagliflozin on Renal Threshold for Glucose, Glycemia, and Body Weight in Normal and Diabetic Animal Models. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030555"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-013-0064-9","article-title":"Canagliflozin: First Global Approval","volume":"73","author":"Elkinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_95","unstructured":"Johnson, J., and U.S. FDA (2022, April 11). Approves INVOKANA\u00ae (Canagliflozin) to Reduce the Risk of Heart Attack, Stroke or Cardiovascular Death in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Established Cardiovascular Disease, Available online: https:\/\/www.jnj.com\/u-s-fda-approves-invokana-canagliflozin-to-reduce-the-risk-of-heart-attack-stroke-or-cardiovascular-death-in-adults-with-type-2-diabetes-and-established-cardiovascular-disease."},{"key":"ref_96","unstructured":"Johnson, J., and U.S. FDA (2022, April 11). Approves INVOKANA\u00ae (Canagliflozin) to Treat Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) and Reduce the Risk of Hospitalization for Heart Failure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and DKD, Available online: https:\/\/www.jnj.com\/u-s-fda-approves-invokana-canagliflozin-to-treat-diabetic-kidney-disease-dkd-and-reduce-the-risk-of-hospitalization-for-heart-failure-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-t2d-and-dkd."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-011-0004-1","article-title":"Development and Potential Role of Type-2 Sodium-Glucose Transporter Inhibitors for Management of Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"2","author":"Hardman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22764","article-title":"Licogliflozin, a Novel SGLT1 and 2 Inhibitor: Body Weight Effects in a Randomized Trial in Adults with Overweight or Obesity","volume":"28","author":"Bays","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0828-y","article-title":"Sotagliflozin, the First Dual SGLT Inhibitor: Current Outlook and Perspectives","volume":"18","author":"Cefalo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi20-0002","article-title":"Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes: Using Individualized Prediction Models to Optimize Selection of Treatment","volume":"69","author":"Dennis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30052-4","article-title":"Precision Medicine in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Gloyn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-020-00789-y","article-title":"Basic and Clinical Pharmaco-Therapeutics of SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Contemporary Update","volume":"11","author":"Kalra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2022.01.019","article-title":"Relationship of Dapagliflozin With Serum Sodium","volume":"10","author":"Yeoh","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Hear. Fail."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14360","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14360","article-title":"Osmotic Diuresis by SGLT2 Inhibition Stimulates Vasopressin-Induced Water Reabsorption to Maintain Body Fluid Volume","volume":"8","author":"Masuda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-022-01166-9","article-title":"Newer Drugs to Reduce High Blood Pressure and Mitigate Hypertensive Target Organ Damage","volume":"24","author":"Upadhya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-0888","article-title":"Interindividual Heterogeneity of SGLT2 Expression and Function in Human Pancreatic Islets","volume":"69","author":"Saponaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174145","article-title":"SGLT2i Increased the Plasma Fasting Glucagon Level in Patients with Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"903","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2018.07.006","article-title":"Empagliflozin Increases Cardiac Energy Production in Diabetes: Novel Translational Insights Into the Heart Failure Benefits of SGLT2 Inhibitors","volume":"3","author":"Verma","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-00350-x","article-title":"Organ Protection by SGLT2 Inhibitors: Role of Metabolic Energy and Water Conservation","volume":"17","author":"Marton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2020.0187","article-title":"Ipragliflozin, an SGLT2 Inhibitor, Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Changes by Upregulating Energy Expenditure through Activation of the AMPK\/ SIRT1 Pathway","volume":"45","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2022.100176","article-title":"The SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin Promotes Systemic FFA Mobilization, Enhances Hepatic \u03b2-Oxidation, and Induces Ketosis","volume":"63","author":"Wallenius","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.113677","article-title":"Empagliflozin Reduces the Levels of CD36 and Cardiotoxic Lipids While Improving Autophagy in the Hearts of Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats","volume":"170","author":"Barral","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F767","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00565.2018","article-title":"Empagliflozin Attenuates Diabetic Tubulopathy by Improving Mitochondrial Fragmentation and Autophagy","volume":"317","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13741","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13741","article-title":"Empagliflozin Normalizes the Size and Number of Mitochondria and Prevents Reduction in Mitochondrial Size after Myocardial Infarction in Diabetic Hearts","volume":"6","author":"Mizuno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Y., Huang, C., Sin, J., de Germano, J.F., Taylor, D.J.R., Thakur, R., Gottlieb, R.A., Mentzer, R.M., and Andres, A.M. (2021). Attenuation of Adverse Postinfarction Left Ventricular Remodeling with Empagliflozin Enhances Mitochondria-Linked Cellular Energetics and Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010437"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2021.06.008","article-title":"Chronic Treatment with Dapagliflozin Protects against Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Liver of C57BL\/6NCrl Mice with High-Fat Diet\/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"59","author":"Belosludtsev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117414","article-title":"Canagliflozin Ameliorates Obesity by Improving Mitochondrial Function and Fatty Acid Oxidation via PPAR\u03b1 In Vivo and In Vitro","volume":"247","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e019995","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.019995","article-title":"Effects of Sodium-Glucose Linked Transporter 2 Inhibition With Ertugliflozin on Mitochondrial Function, Energetics, and Metabolic Gene Expression in the Presence and Absence of Diabetes Mellitus in Mice","volume":"10","author":"Croteau","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2021.110206","article-title":"Dapagliflozin Alleviates Advanced Glycation End Product Induced Podocyte Injury through AMPK\/MTOR Mediated Autophagy Pathway","volume":"90","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, J., Kitada, M., Ogura, Y., Liu, H., and Koya, D. (2021). Dapagliflozin Restores Impaired Autophagy and Suppresses Inflammation in High Glucose-Treated HK-2 Cells. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061457"},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"1190","article-title":"Dapagliflozin Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis by Restoring Autophagy via the AMPK-MTOR Pathway","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2021.109368","article-title":"Activation of Autophagy and Suppression of Apoptosis by Dapagliflozin Attenuates Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Rats: Targeting AMPK\/MTOR, HMGB1\/RAGE and Nrf2\/HO-1 Pathways","volume":"335","author":"Arab","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197061","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1197061","article-title":"Empagliflozin Enhances Autophagy, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Antioxidant Defense and Ameliorates Renal Ischemia\/Reperfusion in Nondiabetic Rats","volume":"2022","author":"Ala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT_963_19","article-title":"Canagliflozin, a SGLT-2 Inhibitor, Relieves ER Stress, Modulates Autophagy and Induces Apoptosis in Irradiated HepG2 Cells: Signal Transduction between PI3K\/AKT\/GSK-3\u03b2\/MTOR and Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Pathways; In Vitro","volume":"17","author":"Thabet","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.03.013","article-title":"Canagliflozin Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Inhibiting Intracellular Glucose Metabolism and Promoting Autophagy in Immune Cells","volume":"152","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_126","first-page":"384","article-title":"Empagliflozin Alleviates Renal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Partly by Repressing HMGB1-TLR4 Receptor Axis","volume":"22","author":"Argani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112515","article-title":"Empagliflozin Reduces Oxidative Stress through Inhibition of the Novel Inflammation\/NHE\/[Na+]c\/ROS-Pathway in Human Endothelial Cells","volume":"146","author":"Uthman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.1c00207","article-title":"Canagliflozin and Dapagliflozin Attenuate Glucolipotoxicity-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Cardiomyocytes via Inhibition of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-1","volume":"5","author":"Dasari","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108503","article-title":"Dapagliflozin Improves Steatohepatitis in Diabetic Rats via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation","volume":"104","author":"Hazem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-021-01011-3","article-title":"Empagliflozin Improves Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"12","author":"Chehrehgosha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.02.009","article-title":"Ipragliflozin, an SGLT2 Inhibitor, Exhibits a Prophylactic Effect on Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis Induced by Choline-Deficient l-Amino Acid-Defined Diet in Rats","volume":"754","author":"Kurosaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4859-4","article-title":"Canagliflozin Reduces Inflammation and Fibrosis Biomarkers: A Potential Mechanism of Action for Beneficial Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Diabetic Kidney Disease","volume":"62","author":"Heerspink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7642","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16601","article-title":"Dapagliflozin Alleviates Cardiac Fibrosis through Suppressing EndMT and Fibroblast Activation via AMPK\u03b1\/TGF-\u03b2\/Smad Signalling in Type 2 Diabetic Rats","volume":"25","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-020-01237-y","article-title":"Empagliflozin Alleviates Neuronal Apoptosis Induced by Cerebral Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury through HIF-1\u03b1\/VEGF Signaling Pathway","volume":"43","author":"Rifaai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13470","article-title":"Empagliflozin Alleviates Ethanol-Induced Cardiomyocyte Injury through Inhibition of Mitochondrial Apoptosis via a SIRT1\/PTEN\/Akt Pathway","volume":"48","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18384","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97787-2","article-title":"Empagliflozin Maintains Capillarization and Improves Cardiac Function in a Murine Model of Left Ventricular Pressure Overload","volume":"11","author":"Nakao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faridvand, Y., Kazemzadeh, H., Vahedian, V., Mirzajanzadeh, P., Nejabati, H.R., Safaie, N., Maroufi, N.F., Pezeshkian, M., Nouri, M., and Jodati, A. (2022). Dapagliflozin Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Endothelial Cell Apoptosis and Inflammation through AMPK\/SIRT1 Activation. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol.","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13638"},{"key":"ref_138","first-page":"497","article-title":"Dapagliflozin Reduces Apoptosis of Diabetic Retina and Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells Through ERK1\/2\/CPLA2\/AA\/ROS Pathway Independent of Hypoglycemic","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9887","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46402-6","article-title":"Dapagliflozin Rescues Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Cell Death","volume":"9","author":"Shibusawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C.-C., Li, Y., Qian, X.-Q., Zhao, H., Wang, D., Zuo, G.-X., and Wang, K. (2022). Empagliflozin Alleviates Myocardial I\/R Injury and Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis via Inhibiting ER Stress-Induced Autophagy and the PERK\/ATF4\/Beclin1 Pathway. J. Drug Target., 1\u201341.","DOI":"10.1080\/1061186X.2022.2064479"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nasiri-Ansari, N., Nikolopoulou, C., Papoutsi, K., Kyrou, I., Mantzoros, C.S., Kyriakopoulos, G., Chatzigeorgiou, A., Kalotychou, V., Randeva, M.S., and Chatha, K. (2021). Empagliflozin Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in High Fat Diet Fed ApoE(\u2212\/\u2212) Mice by Activating Autophagy and Reducing ER Stress and Apoptosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020818"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2019.110539","article-title":"Empaglifozin Mitigates NAFLD in High-Fat-Fed Mice by Alleviating Insulin Resistance, Lipogenesis and ER Stress","volume":"498","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.2337\/db20-0840","article-title":"Dapagliflozin Suppresses ER Stress and Improves Subclinical Myocardial Function in Diabetes: From Bedside to Bench","volume":"70","author":"Shih","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-020-07083-w","article-title":"Novel Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Canagliflozin Involving Hexokinase II in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells","volume":"35","author":"Uthman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174715","article-title":"Dapagliflozin Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects via Inhibition of LPS-Induced TLR-4 Overexpression and NF-\u039aB Activation in Human Endothelial Cells and Differentiated Macrophages","volume":"918","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12407","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12407","article-title":"Short-Term Phlorizin Treatment Attenuates Adipose Tissue Inflammation without Alerting Obesity in High-Fat Diet Fed Mice","volume":"41","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2020.155408","article-title":"Phloridzin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cognitive Impairment via Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Neuromodulatory Activities","volume":"139","author":"Kamdi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.03.002","article-title":"Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phloretin and Phlorizin in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Mouse Macrophages","volume":"134","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leyva-L\u00f3pez, N., Gutierrez-Grijalva, E., Ambriz-Perez, D., and Heredia, J. (2016). Flavonoids as Cytokine Modulators: A Possible Therapy for Inflammation-Related Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060921"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jasim, H.A., Nahar, L., Jasim, M.A., Moore, S.A., Ritchie, K.J., and Sarker, S.D. (2021). Chalcones: Synthetic Chemistry Follows Where Nature Leads. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11081203"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22002","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22002","article-title":"Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Natural Plant Flavonoids and Their Synthesized Derivatives","volume":"32","author":"Nile","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2011.05.004","article-title":"NLRP3 Inflammasomes Link Inflammation and Metabolic Disease","volume":"32","author":"Latz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05485","article-title":"Inflammation and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"444","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI92035","article-title":"Inflammatory Mechanisms Linking Obesity and Metabolic Disease","volume":"127","author":"Saltiel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.315896","article-title":"Metabolic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Obesity","volume":"126","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20160005","article-title":"Adipose Tissue Inflammation: A Cause or Consequence of Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance?","volume":"130","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170407123522","article-title":"Metaflammation: Tissue-Specific Alterations of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Platform in Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Mastrocola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21363","article-title":"Inflammation, Metaflammation and Immunometabolic Disorders","volume":"542","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0392-2","article-title":"Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Type 2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"16","author":"Scheen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-021-10096-8","article-title":"SGLT2 Inhibitors Break the Vicious Circle between Heart Failure and Insulin Resistance: Targeting Energy Metabolism","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4775","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S269514","article-title":"SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Novel Player in the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-021-00393-8","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Diabetic Kidney Disease: Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors","volume":"17","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S212715","article-title":"SGLT-2 Inhibitors as Promising Therapeutics for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Clinical Outcomes, and Future Directions","volume":"12","author":"Gharaibeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI124615","article-title":"The Role of Macrophages in the Resolution of Inflammation","volume":"129","author":"Watanabe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6425","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26429","article-title":"Macrophage Plasticity, Polarization, and Function in Health and Disease","volume":"233","author":"Mohammadian","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuzmich, N., Sivak, K., Chubarev, V., Porozov, Y., Savateeva-Lyubimova, T., and Peri, F. (2017). TLR4 Signaling Pathway Modulators as Potential Therapeutics in Inflammation and Sepsis. Vaccines, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines5040034"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17023","DOI":"10.1038\/sigtrans.2017.23","article-title":"NF-\u039aB Signaling in Inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.05.007","article-title":"Alternative Activation of Macrophages: Mechanism and Functions","volume":"32","author":"Gordon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.035","article-title":"Dapagliflozin, a Selective SGLT2 Inhibitor, Attenuated Cardiac Fibrosis by Regulating the Macrophage Polarization via STAT3 Signaling in Infarcted Rat Hearts","volume":"104","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6305735","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6305735","article-title":"The SGLT-2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin Has a Therapeutic Effect on Atherosclerosis in Diabetic ApoE \u2212\/\u2212 Mice","volume":"2016","author":"Leng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terasaki, M., Hiromura, M., Mori, Y., Kohashi, K., Nagashima, M., Kushima, H., Watanabe, T., and Hirano, T. (2015). Amelioration of Hyperglycemia with a Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Prevents Macrophage-Driven Atherosclerosis through Macrophage Foam Cell Formation Suppression in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Mice. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143396"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164117733626","article-title":"Dapagliflozin Attenuates Human Vascular Endothelial Cell Activation and Induces Vasorelaxation: A Potential Mechanism for Inhibition of Atherogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Gaspari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Vasc. Dis. Res."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2019.0296","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effect for Atherosclerosis Progression by Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitor in a Normoglycemic Rabbit Model","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean Circ. J."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05498-0","article-title":"Dapagliflozin Reduces Thrombin Generation and Platelet Activation: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"64","author":"Kohlmorgen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2018.07.008","article-title":"The Impact of Dapagliflozin on Glucose Excursions Related to Early Proatherogenic Derangement in the Aortic Wall","volume":"26","author":"Stelmaszyk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_176","first-page":"8502059","article-title":"Dapagliflozin Ameliorates the Formation and Progression of Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms by Reducing Aortic Inflammation in Mice","volume":"2022","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.09.03","article-title":"The SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin Attenuates the Activity of ROS-NLRP3 Inflammasome Axis in Steatohepatitis with Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"7","author":"Leng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E563","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00086.2017","article-title":"Dapagliflozin Slows the Progression of the Renal and Liver Fibrosis Associated with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"313","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terami, N., Ogawa, D., Tachibana, H., Hatanaka, T., Wada, J., Nakatsuka, A., Eguchi, J., Sato Horiguchi, C., Nishii, N., and Yamada, H. (2014). Long-Term Treatment with the Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor, Dapagliflozin, Ameliorates Glucose Homeostasis and Diabetic Nephropathy in Db\/Db Mice. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100777"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00239","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.239","article-title":"Inhibition of SGLT2 Alleviates Diabetic Nephropathy by Suppressing High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress in Type 1 Diabetic Mice","volume":"4","author":"Hatanaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, S.J., Chung, S., Kim, S.J., Lee, E.M., Yoo, Y.H., Kim, J.W., Ahn, Y.B., Kim, E.S., Moon, S.D., and Kim, M.J. (2016). Effect of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor, Dapagliflozin, on Renal Renin-Angiotensin System in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165703"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cassis, P., Locatelli, M., Cerullo, D., Corna, D., Buelli, S., Zanchi, C., Villa, S., Morigi, M., Remuzzi, G., and Benigni, A. (2018). SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin Limits Podocyte Damage in Proteinuric Nondiabetic Nephropathy. JCI Insight, 3.","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.98720"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106969","article-title":"Canagliflozin Alleviates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Modulating Alveolar Macrophage Polarization","volume":"88","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19658-7","article-title":"Canagliflozin, an SGLT2 Inhibitor, Attenuates the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Mouse Model of Human NASH","volume":"8","author":"Shiba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.11.028","article-title":"Canagliflozin, a Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor, Attenuates Obesity-Induced Inflammation in the Nodose Ganglion, Hypothalamus, and Skeletal Muscle of Mice","volume":"794","author":"Naznin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0749-1","article-title":"Canagliflozin Attenuates the Progression of Atherosclerosis and Inflammation Process in APOE Knockout Mice","volume":"17","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1159\/000499597","article-title":"Canagliflozin Prevents Intrarenal Angiotensinogen Augmentation and Mitigates Kidney Injury and Hypertension in Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"49","author":"Woods","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-019-0454-6","article-title":"Possible Involvement of Normalized Pin1 Expression Level and AMPK Activation in the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Renal Protective Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Mice","volume":"11","author":"Inoue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17937","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54224-9","article-title":"Glucose Lowering by SGLT2-Inhibitor Empagliflozin Accelerates Atherosclerosis Regression in Hyperglycemic STZ-Diabetic Mice","volume":"9","author":"Pennig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9944880","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9944880","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Empagliflozin and Gemigliptin on LPS-Stimulated Macrophage via the IKK\/NF-\u039aB, MKK7\/JNK, and JAK2\/STAT1 Signalling Pathways","volume":"2021","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104870","article-title":"Empagliflozin Protects Heart from Inflammation and Energy Depletion via AMPK Activation","volume":"158","author":"Koyani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173040","article-title":"Empagliflozin Ameliorates Endothelial Dysfunction and Suppresses Atherogenesis in Diabetic Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice","volume":"875","author":"Ganbaatar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.312659","article-title":"SGLT-2 (Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2) Inhibition Reduces Ang II (Angiotensin II)-Induced Dissecting Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in ApoE (Apolipoprotein E) Knockout Mice","volume":"39","author":"Ortega","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19686","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76698-8","article-title":"Cardioprotective Effects of Short-Term Empagliflozin Treatment in Db\/Db Mice","volume":"10","author":"Radlinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-014-0148-1","article-title":"Glycemic Control with Empagliflozin, a Novel Selective SGLT2 Inhibitor, Ameliorates Cardiovascular Injury and Cognitive Dysfunction in Obese and Type 2 Diabetic Mice","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006277","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006277","article-title":"Empagliflozin Blunts Worsening Cardiac Dysfunction Associated With Reduced NLRP3 (Nucleotide-Binding Domain-Like Receptor Protein 3) Inflammasome Activation in Heart Failure","volume":"13","author":"Byrne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14061","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70708-5","article-title":"Effects of Empagliflozin and Target-Organ Damage in a Novel Rodent Model of Heart Failure Induced by Combined Hypertension and Diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Herse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040622320974833","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622320974833","article-title":"Empagliflozin Improves Chronic Hypercortisolism-Induced Abnormal Myocardial Structure and Cardiac Function in Mice","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107492","article-title":"The SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Negatively Regulates IL-17\/IL-23 Axis-Mediated Inflammatory Responses in T2DM with NAFLD via the AMPK\/MTOR\/Autophagy Pathway","volume":"94","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.12.065","article-title":"Hepatoprotective Effects of Gemigliptin and Empagliflozin in a Murine Model of Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"588","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-016-0169-x","article-title":"Empagliflozin (an SGLT2 Inhibitor), Alone or in Combination with Linagliptin (a DPP-4 Inhibitor), Prevents Steatohepatitis in a Novel Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Jojima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1395609","article-title":"Empagliflozin, an Inhibitor of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Exerts Anti-Inflammatory and Antifibrotic Effects on Experimental Diabetic Nephropathy Partly by Suppressing AGEs-Receptor Axis","volume":"47","author":"Ojima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab330","article-title":"Regression of Diabetic Nephropathy by Treatment with Empagliflozin in BTBR Ob\/Ob Mice","volume":"37","author":"Hudkins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-020-00732-4","article-title":"Empagliflozin Suppresses Inflammation and Protects against Acute Septic Renal Injury","volume":"29","author":"Maayah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-021-01681-2","article-title":"Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition Prevents Renal Fibrosis in Cyclosporine Nephropathy","volume":"58","author":"Castoldi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4158-2","article-title":"The Beneficial Effects of Empagliflozin, an SGLT2 Inhibitor, on Atherosclerosis in ApoE \u2212\/\u2212 Mice Fed a Western Diet","volume":"60","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.05.028","article-title":"SGLT2 Inhibition by Empagliflozin Promotes Fat Utilization and Browning and Attenuates Inflammation and Insulin Resistance by Polarizing M2 Macrophages in Diet-Induced Obese Mice","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000783","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2019-000783","article-title":"Empagliflozin Reverses Obesity and Insulin Resistance through Fat Browning and Alternative Macrophage Activation in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakatsu, Y., Kokubo, H., Bumdelger, B., Yoshizumi, M., Yamamotoya, T., Matsunaga, Y., Ueda, K., Inoue, Y., Inoue, M.-K., and Fujishiro, M. (2017). The SGLT2 Inhibitor Luseogliflozin Rapidly Normalizes Aortic MRNA Levels of Inflammation-Related but Not Lipid-Metabolism-Related Genes and Suppresses Atherosclerosis in Diabetic ApoE KO Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081704"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0886-1","article-title":"Ipragliflozin-Induced Adipose Expansion Inhibits Cuff-Induced Vascular Remodeling in Mice","volume":"18","author":"Mori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2016.00043","article-title":"Glycemic Control with Ipragliflozin, a Novel Selective SGLT2 Inhibitor, Ameliorated Endothelial Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mouse","volume":"3","author":"Salim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0947-5","article-title":"Luseogliflozin Attenuates Neointimal Hyperplasia after Wire Injury in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice via Inhibition of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Remodeling","volume":"18","author":"Mori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34305-x","article-title":"A Reduced M1-like\/M2-like Ratio of Macrophages in Healthy Adipose Tissue Expansion during SGLT2 Inhibition","volume":"8","author":"Miyachi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komiya, C., Tsuchiya, K., Shiba, K., Miyachi, Y., Furuke, S., Shimazu, N., Yamaguchi, S., Kanno, K., and Ogawa, Y. (2016). Ipragliflozin Improves Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Mice and Liver Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Irrespective of Body Weight Reduction. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151511"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okuma, H., Mori, K., Nakamura, S., Sekine, T., Ogawa, Y., and Tsuchiya, K. (2021). Ipragliflozin Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy Associated with Perirenal Adipose Expansion in Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147329"},{"key":"ref_216","unstructured":"(2022, April 28). The Human Protein Atlas Single Cell Type\u2014NLRP3. Available online: https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/ENSG00000162711-NLRP3\/single+cell+type."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcuzzi, A., Melloni, E., Zauli, G., Romani, A., Secchiero, P., Maximova, N., and Rimondi, E. (2021). Autoinflammatory Diseases and Cytokine Storms-Imbalances of Innate and Adaptative Immunity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222011241"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0165-0","article-title":"The NLRP3 Inflammasome: Molecular Activation and Regulation to Therapeutics","volume":"19","author":"Swanson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.02.006","article-title":"Gasdermin D in Pyroptosis","volume":"11","author":"Burdette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0420","article-title":"Upregulated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"62","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.315937","article-title":"Interleukin-1 and the Inflammasome as Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"126","author":"Abbate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714340","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.714340","article-title":"NLRP3 Inflammasome in Metabolic-Associated Kidney Diseases: An Update","volume":"12","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12918","article-title":"Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Liver Disease","volume":"21","author":"Akter","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dig. Dis."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-017-6725-2","article-title":"SGLT-2 Inhibition with Dapagliflozin Reduces the Activation of the Nlrp3\/ASC Inflammasome and Attenuates the Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Mice with Type 2 Diabetes. Further Augmentation of the Effects with Saxagliptin, a DPP4 Inhibitor","volume":"31","author":"Ye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-021-00818-7","article-title":"Dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 Inhibitor, Ameliorates Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis in Rats by Targeting NF\u03baB\/AMPK\/NLRP3 Axis","volume":"29","author":"Saber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-021-01140-4","article-title":"Crosstalk Among NLRP3 Inflammasome, ET B R Signaling, and MiRNAs in Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behavior: A Modulatory Role for SGLT2 Inhibitors","volume":"18","author":"Muhammad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22078","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202100909RR","article-title":"SGLT2 Inhibitor Counteracts NLRP3 Inflammasome via Tubular Metabolite Itaconate in Fibrosis Kidney","volume":"36","author":"Ke","year":"2022","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-018-6778-x","article-title":"Combined SGLT2 and DPP4 Inhibition Reduces the Activation of the Nlrp3\/ASC Inflammasome and Attenuates the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy in Mice with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Birnbaum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820541","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.820541","article-title":"Canagliflozin Ameliorates NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Inflammation through Inhibiting NF-\u039aB Signaling and Upregulating Bif-1","volume":"13","author":"Niu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15983-6","article-title":"SGLT2 Inhibition Modulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity via Ketones and Insulin in Diabetes with Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2020.109825","article-title":"The SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Attenuates Interleukin-17A-Induced Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Targeting TRAF3IP2\/ROS\/NLRP3\/Caspase-1-Dependent IL-1\u03b2 and IL-18 Secretion","volume":"77","author":"Sukhanov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-97","article-title":"MyD88: A Central Player in Innate Immune Signaling","volume":"6","author":"Deguine","year":"2014","journal-title":"F1000Prime Rep."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-021-01346-y","article-title":"The SGLT-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Improves Myocardial Strain, Reduces Cardiac Fibrosis and pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Non-Diabetic Mice Treated with Doxorubicin","volume":"20","author":"Quagliariello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.116.235069","article-title":"Empagliflozin Protects against Diet-Induced NLRP-3 Inflammasome Activation and Lipid Accumulation","volume":"359","author":"Benetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9356","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.2001240","article-title":"Empagliflozin Protects Diabetic Pancreatic Tissue from Damage by Inhibiting the Activation of the NLRP3\/Caspase-1\/GSDMD Pathway in Pancreatic \u03b2 Cells: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20190585","article-title":"Empagliflozin Prevents Cardiomyopathy via SGC-CGMP-PKG Pathway in Type 2 Diabetes Mice","volume":"133","author":"Xue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/10\/5634\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:14:01Z","timestamp":1760138041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/10\/5634"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"references-count":236,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms23105634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23105634","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]}}}