{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T13:12:31Z","timestamp":1780578751983,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI","award":["22K09668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K09668"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI","award":["21FC1013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21FC1013"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI","award":["0G20KA7383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0G20KA7383"]}]},{"name":"Health Labor Sciences Research","award":["22K09668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K09668"]}]},{"name":"Health Labor Sciences Research","award":["21FC1013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21FC1013"]}]},{"name":"Health Labor Sciences Research","award":["0G20KA7383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0G20KA7383"]}]},{"name":"Universal Sound Design Inc.","award":["22K09668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K09668"]}]},{"name":"Universal Sound Design Inc.","award":["21FC1013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21FC1013"]}]},{"name":"Universal Sound Design Inc.","award":["0G20KA7383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0G20KA7383"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a high symptom burden, including nasal congestion and smell disorders. This study performed a detailed transcriptomic analysis in CRSwNP classified as eosinophilic CRS (ECRS), nonECRS according to the Japanese Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (JESREC) criteria, and a group of ECRS with comorbid aspirin intolerant asthma (Asp). Gene expression profiles of nasal polyps and the uncinate process in CRSwNP patients and normal subjects (controls) were generated by bulk RNA barcoding and sequencing (BRB-seq). A differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis was performed using DESeq2 software in iDEP to clarify any relationship between gene expression and disease backgrounds. A total of 3004 genes were identified by DEGs analysis to be associated with ECRS vs control, nonECRS vs control, and Asp vs control. A pathway analysis showed distinct profiles between the groups. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) showed distinct phenotype-specific pathways of expressed genes. In the specific pathway of \u201ccytokine\u2013cytokine receptor interaction\u201d, the differentially expressed genes were widely distributed. This study indicates that transcriptome analysis using BRB-seq may be a valuable tool to explore the pathogenesis of type 2 inflammation in CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T11:59:37Z","timestamp":1652875177000},"page":"5653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Distinct Gene Set Enrichment Profiles in Eosinophilic and Non-Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps by Bulk RNA Barcoding and Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0646-0839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Ishino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9853-2501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachio","family":"Takeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kota","family":"Takemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kensuke","family":"Yamato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Oda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Horibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Chikuie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Taruya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9728-1264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takao","family":"Hamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.401","article-title":"European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 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