{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:04:49Z","timestamp":1789189489960,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korean Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1I1A1A01069641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1I1A1A01069641"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korean Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A2C1009242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2C1009242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite advances in medicine, mortality due to sepsis has not decreased. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy is emerging as an alternative treatment in many inflammation-related diseases. However, there are few studies on the application of PEMF therapy to sepsis. In the current study, we examined the effect of PEMF therapy on a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock. Mice injected with LPS and treated with PEMF showed higher survival rates compared with the LPS group. The increased survival was correlated with decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression and lower serum nitric oxide levels and nitric oxide synthase 2 mRNA expression in the liver compared with the LPS group. In the PEMF + LPS group, there was less organ damage in the liver, lungs, spleen, and kidneys compared to the LPS group. To identify potential gene targets of PEMF treatment, microarray analysis was performed, and the results showed that 136 genes were up-regulated, and 267 genes were down-regulated in the PEMF + LPS group compared to the LPS group. These results suggest that PEMF treatment can dramatically decrease septic shock through the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. In a clinical setting, PEMF may provide a beneficial effect for patients with bacteria-induced sepsis and reduce septic shock-induced mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T11:59:37Z","timestamp":1652875177000},"page":"5661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) Treatment Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Septic Shock in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2031-0802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Gun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju 26493, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanoh","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju 26493, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1904-077X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soonjae","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju 26493, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, GAIST, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5357-4476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju-Eun","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju 26493, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6150-2990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minjeong","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju 26493, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minseob","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongheum","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju 26493, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5130-2728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki-Jong","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University MIRAE Campus, Wonju 26493, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2020.02.011","article-title":"Sepsis and Septic Shock-Basics of diagnosis, pathophysiology and clinical decision making","volume":"104","author":"Font","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. 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