{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:46:13Z","timestamp":1792608373961,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars","award":["82022070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82022070"]}]},{"name":"National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars","award":["U20A20411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20411"]}]},{"name":"National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars","award":["MCM202103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCM202103"]}]},{"name":"Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund","award":["82022070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82022070"]}]},{"name":"Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund","award":["U20A20411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20411"]}]},{"name":"Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund","award":["MCM202103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCM202103"]}]},{"name":"Med-X Innovation Program of Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University","award":["82022070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82022070"]}]},{"name":"Med-X Innovation Program of Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University","award":["U20A20411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20411"]}]},{"name":"Med-X Innovation Program of Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University","award":["MCM202103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCM202103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles (RBCEVs) are vesicles naturally produced by red blood cells and play multiple roles such as acting as cell-to-cell communication messengers in both normal physiological and diseased states. RBCEVs are highly promising delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents such as biomolecules and nucleic acids as they are easy to source, safe, and versatile. RBCEVs autonomously target the liver and pass the blood\u2013brain barrier into the brain, which is highly valuable for the treatment of liver and brain diseases. RBCEVs can be modified by various functional units, including various functional molecules and nanoparticles, to improve their active targeting capabilities for tumors or other sites. Moreover, the RBCEV level is significantly shifted in many diseased states; hence, they can also serve as important biomarkers for disease diagnoses. It is clear that RBCEVs have considerable potential in multiple medical applications. In this review, we briefly introduce the biological roles of RBCEVs, presented interesting advances in RBCEV applications, and discuss several challenges that need to be addressed for their clinical translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23115927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T08:41:33Z","timestamp":1653468093000},"page":"5927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Roles and Applications of Red Blood Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Health and Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhirong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenmi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Med-X Center for Materials, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8343-2719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Med-X Center for Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-01000-4","article-title":"Intercellular nanotubes mediate mitochondrial trafficking between cancer and immune cells","volume":"17","author":"Saha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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